In the wake of crises and “enlargement fatigue”, EU politics deprioritized enlargement. Recently, however, the Commission motioned a reinvigorated enlargement prospect for the Western Balkans, identifying Serbia and Montenegro as the front runners. This paper advises that in going forward, the EU should also look back at its five decades of enlargement. The article focuses on environmental protect

In this paper we study a variation of the random k-SAT problem, called polarized random k-SAT. In this model there is a polarization parameter p, and in half of the clauses each variable occurs negated with probability p and pure otherwise, while in the other half the probabilities are interchanged. For p=1/2 we get the classical random k-SAT model, and at the other extreme we have the fully polar

Judicial dialogue, as enabled through preliminary reference, is a fundamental component of the EU judicial system. It allows the national courts to ask the Court of Justice (ECJ) questions of interpretation and validity of EU acts, thereby helping secure the coherence of EU law, as well as it safeguards judicial protection, especially for individual applicants who otherwise enjoy limited access to

Given a fixed small graph H and a larger graph G, an H-factor is a collection of vertex-disjoint subgraphs H′⊂G, each isomorphic to H, that cover the vertices of G. If G is the complete graph Kn equipped with independent U(0,1) edge weights, what is the lowest total weight of an H-factor? This problem has previously been considered for e.g. H=K2. We show that if H contains a cycle, then the minimu

This paper sheds light on the existence of a differential deterrence regime in EU law, depending on whether the State or the firm is the addressee of a legal obligation. To that end, we review two areas of EU law – environmental law and competition law. Both disciplines employ fines to deter the State and the firm respectively from violating their specific duties under the Treaty: the ‘duty to tra

The current European situation is marked by an ongoing migration crisis. On a daily basis we are informed of the ever-increasing number of migrants trying to reach Europe’s border – too often with fatal results. The European Court ofJustice, once described as “tucked away in the fairyland Duchy ofLuxembourg”, is today faced with difficult legal questions concerning EU asylum law – the present case

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The evidence that dyslipidemia is associated with hyperglycemia calls for an investigation of whether dyslipidemia, as well as lipid-modifying agents, could affect the subsequent development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Therefore, we aimed to address these unanswered questions by utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.METHODS: Genetic variants were selected from the