We have determined how the bulk behavior of mixtures of small cationic poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (generation 2, PAMAM-G2) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) affects the structure and composition of the adsorbed layers at the air-water interface. The aim is to reveal how the size of a well-defined hyperbranched polyelectrolyte affects the interfacial and bulk solution behavior of mixtures with oppo

A recent drilling at Borenshult near Motala resulted in discovery of the stratigraphically most complete succession through the upper Darriwilian-Rhuddanian interval known in Ostergotland. The approximately 70m long drillcore succession is subdivided into eight formations, the oldest being the late Darriwilian Furudal Limestone and the youngest being the Rhuddanian Motala Formation. Conodonts are

Climate change (CC) is one of the major and most encompassing threats in the world today. While the facts and high-consensus predictions among natural scientists are increasingly well-known, the understanding of CC as a socio-ecological issue is much less clear and uncontroversial. This paper summarizes the available climate science expertise and then discusses the genesis of CC as a socio-ecologi

The combination of nanoparticles and polymers into nanocomposite gels has been shown to be a promising route to creating soft materials with new or improved properties. In the present work, we have made use of Laponite nanoparticles in combination with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM)polymer and describe a phenomenon taking place during the polymerization and gelling of this system. The pre

Edaphic fauna contributes to important ecosystem functions in grassland soils such as decomposition and nutrient mineralization. Since this functional role is likely to be altered by global change and associated shifts in plant communities, a thorough understanding of large scale drivers on below-ground processes independent of regional differences in soil type or climate is essential. We investig

We calculate the radiation spectrum off a q (q) over bar pair of a fixed opening angle theta(q (q) over bar) traversing a medium of length L. Multiple interactions with the medium are handled in the harmonic oscillator approximation, valid for soft gluon emissions. We discuss the time-scales relevant to the decoherence of correlated partons traversing the medium and demonstrate how this relates to

Amelogenin, a matrix protein involved in biomineralization of enamel, can self-assemble to form nanospheres in a pH-dependent manner. Nucleic acids (single-stranded, double-stranded, and plasmid DNA, as well as RNA) could be co-precipitated with amelogenin, demonstrating a strong binding of nucleic acids to amelogenin. The amounts of co-precipitated nucleic acids were analyzed and binding levels u

Abstract Aim: To study the effects of the tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor adalimumab on rabbit retina after injection into the vitreous body. Methods: Forty-eight rabbits of mixed strain (9-12 months old, weighing ≈ 3.5 kg) were randomized into four groups. Adalimumab was injected at one of two concentrations (1.25 mg or 2.5 mg) into the eyes of two groups, and balanced salt solution into th

Changes in the redox metabolism in the anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, hydrogen-forming bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus were probed for the first time in vivo using mediated amperometry with ferricyanide as a thermotolerant external mediator. Clear differences in the intracellular electron flow were observed when cells were supplied with different carbon sources. A higher electro

The mechanisms underlying longitudinal displacements of the arterial wall, that is, displacements of the wall layers along the artery, and the resulting intramural shear strain remain largely unknown. We have already found that these displacements undergo profound changes in response to catecholamines. Wall shear stress, closely related to wall shear rate, represents the viscous drag exerted on th

Background: Ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval is often performed under local anaesthesia on an outpatient basis. The objective of this study was to compare the overall pain experience of a newly designed reduced needle (RN) compared with a thicker standard needle (SN). Methods: A prospective, randomized, multi-centre study was performed at four different clinics from June to December

We have studied how disturbance by ploughing and rotavation affects the carbon (C) flow to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in a dry, semi-natural grassland. AM fungal biomass was estimated using the indicator neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1ω5, and saprotrophic fungal biomass using NLFA 18:2ω6,9. We labeled vegetation plots with (13)CO(2) and studied the C flow to the signature fatty acids a

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a master variable in aquatic systems. Modern fluorescence techniques couple measurements of excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectra and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to determine fluorescent DOM (FDOM) components and DOM quality. However, the molecular signatures associated with PARAFAC components are poorly defined. In the current study we characterized riv

We consider the problem of approximating functions by sums of few exponentials functions, either on an interval or on the positive half-axis. We study both continuous and discrete cases, i.e. when the function is replaced by a number of equidistant samples. Recently, an algorithm has been constructed by Beylkin and Monzón for the discrete case. We provide a theoretical framework for understanding

OBJECTIVES: To determine the serum concentration of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a component of the innate immune system, in women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and to correlate the result to candida-cultures, contraceptive use, if any, and to different antifungal therapies. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-nine women with a history of RVVC were investigated. Cultures of vulvar a

Background/Objective: Previous studies have found that ethnicity influences glycemic control. We hypothesized that differences between Nordic and non-Nordic patients are less pronounced for children with type 1 diabetes in high incidence countries in Northern Europe. Research design and methods: We investigated patients aged 0-15 yr in national pediatric registers in Denmark (D), Iceland (I), Norw

Theoretical predictions show that depending on the populations of the Fe 3d(xy), 3d(xz), and 3d(yz) orbitals two possible quintet states can exist for the high-spin state of the photoswitchable model system [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+). The differences in the structure and molecular properties of these B-5(2) and E-5 quintets are very small and pose a substantial challenge for experiments to resolve them. Y

Organ culture is an in vitro method for investigating cellular mechanisms involved in upregulation of vasocontractile G-protein coupled receptors. We hypothesize that mitogen-activated-protein kinase (MEK) and/or extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) specific inhibitors will attenuate the G-protein coupled receptor expression following organ culture. Rat cerebral arteries were incubated 48 h