Popular Abstract in Swedish Osteoporos, eller benskörhet, är en sjukdom som orsakas av störning i skelettets ämnesomsättning. Denna rubbning ger upphov till förändringar i benets uppbyggnad men minskar även mängden benmassa. Osteoporos ger i sig själv inte upphov till besvär men medför en ökad risk för att drabbas av benbrott (frakturer). Dessa frakturer kan vid uttalad benskörhet uppkomma redan vThe number of vertebral fractures has increased during the last few decades.The increase could at least partly be explained by the increasing proportion of elderly in society since these fractures are more commonly found in elderly than in young individuals. Low bone mass and osteoporosis which are also partly related to aging are risk factors for fracture but both age and low bone mass are indepe

The healthcare sector is one of the fastest growing economic sectors of today. The medical device domain is one part of that sector. An increasing part of functionality in medical devices and systems is implemented in software and many features should not be possible to implement without software. The use of medical software is an inherent risk to the patient and the outcome of a failure can vary

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetes, i alla dess olika former, är en allvarlig sjukdom. Typ 1 diabetes är av autoimmun härkomst, då kroppen eget immunförsvaret attackerar och förstör β-cellerna i bukspottkörteln. Dessa celler producerar insulin som hjälper kolhydraterna i maten vi äter att komma kroppens celler till godo. Sverige har världens näst högsta antal nya insjuknanden, bara Finland har fThe role of miRNAs in pancreatic islets and β-cell function and in the development of diabetes in human and rodents have been investigated in this thesis. Dicer1 was specifically deleted in vivo in pancreatic β-cells under the RIP-promoter in mice. The results show that disruption of miRNAprocessing in mouse pancreatic β-cells, while compatible with β-cell development, leads to defective insulin-s

The Arctic cryosphere is a critically important component of the earth system, affecting the earth's energy balance, sea level, greenhouse gases and atmospheric circulation, transport of heat through ocean circulation, ecology and human resource use and well-being. The Arctic cryosphere is, however, changing rapidly with multiple important consequences that will potentially affect the earth system

OBJECTIVE: An experienced sonographer can by listening to the Doppler audio signals perceive various timbres that distinguish different types of umbilical artery flow despite an unchanged pulsatility index (PI). Our aim was to develop an objective measure of the Doppler audio signals recorded from fetoplacental circulation in a sheep model.METHODS: Various degrees of pathological flow velocity wav

In this paper, we study the problems of estimating relative pose between two cameras in the presence of radial distortion. Specifically, we consider minimal problems where one of the cameras has no or known radial distortion. There are three useful cases for this setup with a single unknown distortion: (i) fundamental matrix estimation where the two cameras are uncalibrated, (ii) essential matrix

We present an analysis and demonstration of few-cycle ultrashort laser pulse characterization using second-harmonic dispersion scans and numerical phase retrieval algorithms. The sensitivity and robustness of this technique with respect to noise, measurement bandwidth and complexity of the measured pulses is discussed through numerical examples and experimental results. Using this technique, we su

Background: In this study we investigated (a) to what extent physicians have experience with performing a range of end-of-life decisions (ELDs), (b) if they have no experience with performing an ELD, would they be willing to do so under certain conditions and (c) which background characteristics are associated with having experience with/or being willing to make such ELDs. Methods: An anonymous qu

Nuclear motion in the N1s(-1)4a(1)(1) core-excited state of ammonia is investigated by studying the angular anisotropy of fragments produced in the decay of the highly excited molecule and compared with predictions from ab initio calculations. Two different fragmentation channels (H+/NH2+ and H+/NH+/H) reveal complex nuclear dynamics as the excitation photon energy is tuned through the 4a(1) reson

An important consideration in miniaturizing transistors is maximizing the coupling between the gate and the semiconductor channel. A nanowire with a coaxial metal gate provides optimal gate-channel coupling but has only been realized for vertically oriented nanowire transistors. We report a method for producing laterally oriented wrap-gated nanowire field-effect transistors that provides exquisite

Hereditary retinal degeneration (RD) relates to a heterogeneous group of blinding human diseases in which the light sensitive neurons of the retina, the photoreceptors, die. RD is currently untreatable and the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. However, the activity of the enzyme poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) and excessive generation of poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers i

We have studied the effect of a grain boundary in front of a short edge crack on its propagation under cyclic loading conditions in bcc iron. The used model is a combination of a discrete dislocation formulation and a boundary element approach where the boundary is described by dislocation dipole elements, while the local plasticity is modeled by discrete dislocations. The grain boundary is consid

Objectives To develop evidence-based European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD). Methods A EULAR task force was composed of experts representing 11 European countries, consisting of eight rheumatologists, four clinical immunologists, one rheumatologist/clinical immunologist, one infectious disease p

This article focuses on the perception of creativity found in copyright law, which conflicts with the ways in which creativity seems to develop in daily practice; the idea of a “solitary genius” is, thus, contrasted to that of a contextually and culturally dependent creator. Copyright is arguably too focused on the former image and fails to acknowledge or embrace the latter. In addition, the digit

Abstract Background: Noise is typically conceived of as being detrimental for cognitive performance; however, a recent computational model based on the concepts of stochastic resonance and dopamine related internal noise postulates that a moderate amount of auditive noise benefit individuals in hypodopaminergic states. On the basis of this model we predicted that inattentive children would be enha