Context: Newly discovered biomarkers ideally should prove clinical usefulness, provide additional detection, staging, and prognosis information to improve individual risk assessment, and potentially permit targeted cancer therapy. Objective: To review, display, and evaluate the current evidence regarding the biologic and analytic approach of urinary prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) in prostate cancer

The androgen receptor is a key transcription factor contributing to the development of all stages of prostate cancer (PCa). In addition, other transcription factors have been associated with poor prognosis in PCa, amongst which c-Myc (MYC) is a well-established oncogene in many other cancers. We have previously reported that the AR promotes glycolysis and anabolic metabolism; many of these metabol

The first European record of Exechia inaperta Ostroverkhova, 1979 is presented and its morphological difference from the allied E. exigua Lundstrom, 1909 is discussed. Diagnostic characters and detailed figures of male terminalia are given for both species. The new finding of E. inaperta in Estonia indicates a possibly disjunct Euro-Siberian distribution pattern of the South-Taiga, also observed i

This paper is concerned with the changing role of regional innovation systems and regional policies in supporting the transition of indigenous firms in developing countries from competing on low costs towards becoming knowledge providers in global value chains. Special attention is paid to policies supporting the emergence and development of the regional innovation system in this transition proces

Background: A Western diet is associated with breast cancer risk. Objective: We investigated the relation of meat, egg, and dairy product consumption with breast cancer risk by using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design: Between 1992 and 2003, information on diet was collected from 319,826 women. Disease hazard ratios were estimated with multiva

Ribonucleotide reduction is the only pathway for de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides in extant organisms. This chemically demanding reaction, which proceeds via a carbon-centered free radical, is catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). The mechanism has been deemed unlikely to be catalyzed by a ribozyme, creating an enigma regarding how the building blocks for DNA were synthesized at th

It has been postulated that six co-located orthogonally polarized electrical and magnetic dipoles can offer up to six degrees of freedom (DOFs) in a multipath scattering environment. In other words, a six-fold increase in channel capacity can be achieved in the context of MIMO systems. However, due to the complexity in designing and measuring such a six-port antenna, to our knowledge, no experimen

This work presents a comparison of the crystal packing of three eukaryotic membrane proteins: human aquaporin 1, human aquaporin 5 and a spinach plasma membrane aquaporin. All were purified from expression constructs both with and without affinity tags. With the exception of tagged aquaporin 1, all constructs yielded crystals. Two significant effects of the affinity tags were observed: crystals co

The importance of the ability to use bipedal stance and gait in everyday life cannot be underestimated. Bipedal stance is learned during childhood and constantly adapted to changing circumstances throughout life. Failure to attain and maintain the control of upright posture can have catastrophic consequences. Postural competence needs to be recovered in a multitude of illness, in developmental dis

In this paper we report that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can protect surface adsorbed Rhodamine B (RhB) molecules from permanent photo-oxidation via a reversible reaction. Upon strong light irradiation at 514 nm, the SWNT-adsorbed RhB molecules were switched to a non-fluorescent form, which looked like ordinary bleaching behavior. However, after staying without light for several hours t

In this paper we present a non-linear demand system for households' joint choice of number of trips and days to spend at a destination. The approach, which facilitates welfare analysis of exogenous policy and price changes, is used empirically to study the effects of an increased CO2 tax. In particular, we focus on the effect of including substitution between households choice of the number of tri

At present, only one exchange of an icodextrin-based solution is recommended to increase peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) during long-dwell exchanges in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with impaired UF. To review our experience with two icodextrin exchanges per day on net UF and body weight in PD patients with poor UF. Data were analyzed on nine patients with poor UF on chronic PD who were given

The plan for the final disposal of spent fuel front Swedish nuclear power plants is to place it in copper canisters that are sealed and stored in a deep repository. The canisters will be sealed by friction stir welding (FSW) and the reliability of this process has now been evaluated. The reliability study was performed in three steps: first an optimization experiment to identify optimal process se

Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is, in most cases, caused by loss of function of the tumor suppressor gene von Hippel-Lindau, resulting in constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha and expression of hypoxia-induced genes in normoxic conditions. Clear-cell RCC cells are characterized histologically by accumulation of cholesterol, mainly in its ester form. The origin of

Studies of climatic change and adaptation to climate change can include a wide range of methodologies and approaches. As one of such approaches, we here present meteorological measurement data from a site in the Demokeya experimental forest outside El Obeid in North Kordofan State of Sudan. We hope this descriptive note can inform about the available meteorological data, as well as to promote and

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations are used to investigate NO adsorption at low (100 K) and room temperature (RT) over preoxidized Ag(111). At 100 K, the data indicates presence of NO and N2O2, with little or no nitrite/nitrate formation. This is consistent with the calculated surface core level shifts and the pronounced barrier for nitrite formation. At RT