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The purpose was to examine the association between exercise during pregnancy and intelligence score in offspring. We analyzed data from 4008 women from the Aarhus Birth Cohort, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, recruited during pregnancy from July 1989 to November 1991 and their sons who were registered at conscription at 17-20 years of age. The women gave information by self-administered quest
Objectives. Acute type-A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is still one of the most challenging diseases that cardiac surgeons encounter. Design. This review is based on the current literature and includes the results from the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type-A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD) database. It covers different aspects of ATAAD and concentrates on the outcome of surgical repair. Results and conclus
Before the so-called refugee influx into Germany peaked in 2015, the term Willkommens- und Anerkennungskultur [welcome culture] emerged as a political response to the negative attitude towards immigrants within the German society. During the summer and autumn of 2015, a new set of welcoming practices emerged as large groups of local Berliners engaged in the refugee situation – some by housing refu
Connectionist architectures constitute a popular method for modelling animal associative learning processes in order to glean insights into the formation of cognitive capacities. Such approaches (based on purely feedforward activity) are considered limited in their ability to capture relational cognitive capacities. Pavlovian learning value-based models, being not based purely on fully connected f
The global environment suffers from utilizing fossil fuels to powering internal combustion engines (ICE), due to the massive amounts of released CO2. Besides the global impact, the local environments experience high concentrations of harmful pollutants such as NOx, CO, soot and particulate matter (PM). The automotive industry is continuously striving to find new solutions to decrease fuel consumpt
We examine the construction of electromagnetism in its current form, and in an alternative form, from a point of view that combines a minimal realism with strict rational demands. We begin by discussing the requests of reason when constructing a theory and next, we follow the historical development as presented in the record of original publications, the underlying epistemology (often explained by
The return of individual birds to an exact area in successional years is a remarkable phenomenon. Here we report on the remarkably reversed: the complete absence of returning individuals of a migratory passerine with otherwise pronounced philopatry. In Abisko in northern Sweden none of the banded adult willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) returned to breed 2011-14. This is in stark contrast to
Location is everything and the geographical distribution of populations will make them differentially affected by global warming. Sweden’s north to south orientation presents a great frame for studying the effect of latitudinal climate change. We present a long-term study on the migratory behaviour of two populations of Willow Warbler subspecies (southern Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus and north
Birds, and especially long-distance migrants, are excellent indicators of climate-induced phenological change. Advanced spring arrival is a typical response reported in a great number of species. Earlier arrival can lead to e.g. earlier egg-laying and thus have potentially great fitness consequences. Studies have suggested that certain aspects of avian life-history can predict a likely response to
Only in primates is permanent male-female association the most widespread social structure of all. The continuous presence of resident males in the social group can have significant impacts on female fitness, both in forms of costs and benefits. In this study I investigate particular short-term benefits and costs of resident males to females in a population of ursine colobus (Colobus vellerosus).
The ability to recognize emotions undergoes major developmental changes from infancy to adolescence, peaking in early adulthood, and declining with aging. A life span approach to emotion recognition is lacking in the auditory domain, and it remains unclear how the speaker’s and listener’s ages interact in the context of decoding vocal emotions. Here, we examined age-related differences in vocal em
The therapeutic management of Sjögren syndrome (SjS) has not changed substantially in recent decades: treatment decisions remain challenging in clinical practice, without a specific therapeutic target beyond the relief of symptoms as the most important goal. In view of this scenario, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) promoted and supported an international collaborative study (EULAR S
