Research on Sweden’s foreign policy often highlights its exceptionalism regarding activism and value promotion. Yet, I detect a less idealistic side in its foreign policy towards China, characterized by a protection of national interests. In addition, contemporary trends of liberalization suggest an entirely different dimension as well. This paper seeks to better understand Sweden’s foreign policy

Conflicts, crises, and acts of violence in Europe have marked the twentieth century, which has led to a change in the view of threats. The Swedish military intelligence and security service (Must) is one of the operations that work to identify and report threats to the Swedish armed forces and the Swedish government. Therefore, Must has the power to control how others view threats. This essay aims

Non-human animals are often excluded from contemporary political theories, much to their detriment in terms of welfare and protection. The ‘political turn’ is a subset of animal ethicists concerned with moving beyond motivating moral status and instead discussing the politics of a shared human-animal society. This thesis evaluates Philip Pettit’s neo-republicanism as a theoretical framework for a

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the deadliest health crises in modern history. Increasing production of all relevant medical goods and ensuring their equitable distribution has been argued as a necessity to contain the pandemic, which led to the South African and Indian delegation in the TRIPS Council of the World Trade Organization to propose the implementation of a TRIPS waiver to ensure t

In this qualitative case study, I aimed to explain the phenomena of Democratic Backsliding in Egypt in the context of the Arab Spring. I do so by answering the following questions: “To what extent was democratization in Egypt marked by political instability?” and “What were the consequences of political instability for democratic backsliding in Egypt?”. I answer these questions by using relevan

This essay discusses the European commission’s and the European parliament’s framing of how the Energy charter treaty (ECT) should be adapted to the EU’s European Green deal. A framing analysis is used to describe how different actors try to frame the policy process. The analysis is made with the framework of the energy trilemma, where a triangle consisted by the aspects of energy security, costs

I svensk rätt är barn, precis som vuxna, ett rättssubjekt och därmed bärare av rättigheter och skyldigheter vilket i sin tur innebär att även barn är partsbehöriga. Eftersom barn kan vara partsbehöriga kan de även ha talerätt för det fall tvisten hänför sig till en rättighet eller skyldighet kopplat till barnet. Det går dock snabbt att konstatera att barn saknar samtliga delar av talerätten i mål Children, just like adults, are legal entities according to Swedish law and legislation. This implies they have both rights and obligations to face, which in addition means they also have party capacity. Since children have party capacity they can also have the right to litigate in cases where the legal dispute is connected to rights or obligations of the child. It is easy to realize that children

Liberty is the core value of Liberalism and can, in many ways, almost be seen as synonymous with the term. The Liberals in Sweden has a strong focus on education policy and opinion polls indicate a strong support for their policy. The party is a strong proponent of free school choice, but is at the same time emphasising the importance of an educational system that ensures equal opportunities to ev

De riktade ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna trädde i kraft år 2009, och har sedan dess ändrats vid två tillfällen. Syftet med reglerna är att förebygga skatteplanering inom en intressegemenskap genom ränteavdrag. Huvudregeln återfinns i 24 kap. 18 § första stycket inkomstskattelagen, vilken föreskriver att ränteutgifter avseende en skuld till ett företag i intressegemenskapen endast får dras av unSince its introduction in 2009, the Swedish interest deduction restriction rules have been amended on two occasions. The purpose of the rules is to prevent tax planning within a group through interest deductions. The main rule in chapter 24 section 18 first paragraph of the Income Tax Act stipulates that interest expenses relating to intra-group loans may only be deducted under certain conditions.

I ett entreprenadavtal kan parterna avtala om att arbetena ska ersättas på löpande räkning. AB 04 innehåller bestämmelser om att ersättning på löpande räkning ska betalas enligt den så kallade självkostnadsprincipen. Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit att utreda och analysera vilka ekonomiska risker självkostnadsprincipen kan innebära för beställaren och vilka möjligheter beställaren har att sThe parties in a construction contract can stipulate that the construction works are to be compensated on an open account basis. AB 04 states that compensation on an open account basis is to be paid according to the prime cost principle. The purpose of this thesis has been to examine and analyse the financial risks that the prime cost principle means for the employer, and which prospects the emplo

Surrogatarrangemang är ett fenomen som på senare tid vuxit sig allt större; allt fler svenskar reser utomlands för att bilda familj med hjälp av en surrogatmoder. Vid ett surrogatarrangemang åtar sig en kvinna att bära fram ett barn för att sedan, vid barnets födsel, överlämna barnet till de tilltänkta föräldrarna. Ett surrogatarrangemang kan vara antingen altruistiskt eller kommersiellt och ett sSurrogacy arrangements have recently grown into a rather common alternative for Swedish couples. A surrogacy arrangement is usually carried out by a woman undertaking to bear a child on behalf of another. Once the child is born the surrogate mother hands the child over to the intended parents. A surrogacy arrangement is either altruistic or commercial. There are also two types of surrogacy: gestat

I syfte att undvika oönskade gränsöverskridande förflyttningar av vinstmedel genom koncerninterna transaktioner av varor, tjänster m.m. inom en multinationell koncern, ska sådana transaktioner prissättas på ett marknadsmässigt sätt. Med andra ord ska transaktionerna vara förenliga med regler om den s.k. armlängdsprincipen, som är en internationellt etablerad princip inom internprissättningens områTo avoid unwanted cross-border profit relocations within a multinational group through intra-group transactions of goods, services etc., such transactions shall be priced in a market-based manner. In other words, the transactions shall be compatible with taxation rules about the so-called arm’s length principle, an internationally recognized principle within the field of transfer pricing. To deter

Mätning av partiklars och cellers akustiska egenskapar genom partikelspårningshastighet I många medicinska sammanhang är man intresserad av att kunna separera olika celltyper från varandra, exempelvis vita blodkroppar från ett blodprov eller insulinproducerande celler från bukspottskörteln. Det finns ett antal olika metoder för att genomföra denna separation. En tämligen ny metod bygger på akustoAcoustophoresis is a method to manipulate and move cells or particles suspended in a medium using acoustic waves. The speed of the acoustophoretic motion depends on the cells' acoustic mobility, i.e. their size, density and compressibility relative to the medium. Differences in acoustic mobility can be used to separate particles from each other. Separation is an important tool within biomedica

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka privat anställdas integritetsskydd gentemot digital övervakning och kontroll till följd av det ökade värdet av mänskliga rättigheter i horisontella relationer och en ökad teknisk utveckling. Med digital kontroll och övervakning avses att arbetsgivaren kontrollerar och övervakar den anställdes användning av datorer, inklusive kommunikation via denna. I uppsThe purpose with this essay is to examine the privacy protection of private employees against digital monitoring and surveillance due to the increased significance of human rights in horizontal relations and the digital development. Digital monitoring and surveillance refer to monitoring of the use of and/or communication by means of computers. The following research question is answered in the es

This essay analyzes the different representations of migrants that were expressed by the Swedish government between November 2015 and January 2019 using the theory of coloniality. This was done in order to critically examine the statements about migrants made by the politicians in the government, and thus potentially discuss the racist and colonialist images of the non-European “other” that underl

This project started in the complex field of silence and ended up in an even more complex area; emotions. In silence we experience our emotions the most, and in order to appreciate the sometimes so fearful silence we need to relate to our emotions and understand them. If we see, accept and learn to relate to them, the silence will be much more serene and delicious. During the process I used myself

År 2002 och 2003 införde Sverige särskilda skatteregler för avyttring av andelar i skalbolag. Reglerna syftar till att säkerställa att den skatt som belöper på bolagets verksamhet betalas in i samband med en ägarövergång. På senare år har frågan om skatteflykt varit föremål för reglering inom EU. Ett antal EU-direktiv har tillkommit på området och EU-domstolen tolkade 2019 frågan om skatteflykt geIn 2002 and 2003 special tax regulation regarding divestment of shares in shell entities was introduced in Sweden. This regulation seeks to ensure that the corporate tax due by the company is paid after the ownership has been transferred. Recently, the matter of tax evasion has been brought up on the EU-agenda. Several directives have been introduced on the matter and in 2019 the Court of Justice

Nationell säkerhet har varit ett viktigt ämne de senaste åren och flera olika åtgärder har implementerats för att skydda stater och deras medborgare. En av dem är att utvisa utlänningar som anses utgöra säkerhetshot. Det krävs inte att utlänningen faktiskt har begått ett brott som har hotat statens säkerhet, utan det räcker att det kan befaras att utlänningen kan begå sådana brott i framtiden. DetNational security has been an important subject over the last years and several measures have been implemented to protect states and their citizens. One of them is to expel aliens that are considered security threats. It is not required that the alien actually committed a crime that threatened the security of the state, it is enough that it can be anticipated that the alien can commit those crimes

Svensk rätt innehåller ingen lagstadgad rätt till abandonering, en rättsfigur som innebär att konkursboet avstår från viss egendom och därmed även undgår de rättsliga förpliktelser kopplade till den egendomen. HD har dock genom rättsfallet NJA 2004 s. 777 slagit fast att abandonering kan utgöra en försvarlig förvaltningsåtgärd från konkursförvaltarens sida och därmed vara godtagbart. Detta prejudiSwedish law does not have a statutory provision regarding abandonment (UK: disclaimer of onerous property), the right for a bankruptcy estate to disown property with a legally binding effect, meaning that the estate does not answer to any obligations connected to the disowned property. However, The Swedish Supreme Court has in its ruling NJA 2004 s. 777 established that a trustee’s decision to aba