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As today’s market forces the implementation of quality-of-service-enabled services spanned over multiple administrative domains, isolated and locally optimized interdomain routing decisions become increasingly inadequate. Instead, coordinated routing models are required together with joint optimization goals. Available papers and standardization documents focus on the description of technical mean
A novel, flexible framework is proposed for parameterizing the heterogeneous nucleation of ice within clouds. It has empirically derived dependencies on the chemistry and surface area of multiple species of ice nucleus (IN) aerosols. Effects from variability in mean size, spectral width, and mass loading of aerosols are represented via their influences on surface area. The parameterization is inte
Dynamic light scattering (DLS), time-resolved fluorescence quenching (TRFQ), and isothermal titration microcalorimetry have been used to show that, in dilute solution, low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, M-w = 12 kDa) interacts with the nonionic surfactant octaethylene glycol n-dodecyl monoether, C12E8, to form a complex. Whereas the relaxation time distributions for the binary C12E8/
In polymer gel dosimetry using magnetic resonance imaging, the uncertainty in absorbed dose is dependent on the experimental determination of T2. The concept of dose resolution (Dpdelta) of polymer gel dosimeters is developed and applied to the uncertainty in dose related to the uncertainty in T2 from a range of T4 encountered in polymer gel dosimetry. Dpdelta is defined as the minimal separation
Two studies investigated how decision makers characterize alternatives in important real-life decisions, which they themselves had made (to leave a partner, to choose an education and to choose a home). First, the participants indicated a very high degree of involvement in the decisions studied and about half of the participants gave maximum involvement ratings for the partner decision. Second, th
The retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, RB, has been implicated in tumor suppression, in regulation of the cell cycle, and in mediating cell differentiation. RB is necessary for hematopoiesis in mice, and aberrant RB-expression is associated with the progress and prognosis of leukemia. We have used antisense oligonucleotides, established clones stably expressing an antisense RB construct, and al
Patient-reported health status questionnaires intend to assess illness and therapy from the patients' perspective. To provide fair and valid assessments, they should be equally relevant to major subsets of respondents. Furthermore, disease-specific measures are assumed to be perceived as more relevant than generic ones. This study assessed these assumptions among people with Parkinson's disease. C
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the ability of transvaginal Doppler ultrasonographic examination with that of gray-scale ultrasonographic examination to discriminate between benign and malignant and between normal and pathologic endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred thirty-eight consecutive women scheduled for curettage because of postmenopausal bleedin
We use the assignment technique and a new approach, the 'novel allele technique', to detect sex-biased dispersal in great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus . The data set consisted of immigrants and philopatric birds in a semi-isolated population in Sweden scored at 21 microsatellite loci. Fourteen cohorts were represented of which the four earliest were used to define a reference population
The urinary excretion of a glucose-containing oligosaccharide, Glc alpha[1-6Glc alpha[1-4Glc alpha[1-4Glc, (Glc4) has been measured in various physiological and pathological conditions. The Glc4 content of 24 h samples from the same individual was relatively constant, whereas 2 h samples showed up to 4-fold variations in Glc4 concentration. This variation is associated mainly with increased excret
Levels of hydrolytic enzymes increase in skeletal muscle after denervation and their activities in the extracellular matrix appear to be important for interaction between muscle and nerve. Using enzymatic assays for beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and plasminogen activator, we show that secretion of these enzymes from mouse skeletal muscle increases after denervation and that drugs interfe
Mutations in the genes that code for collagen VI subunits, COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3, are the cause of the dominantly inherited disorder, Bethlem myopathy. Glycine mutations that interrupt the Gly-X-Y repetitive amino acid sequence that forms the characteristic collagen triple helix have been defined in four families; however, the effects of these mutations on collagen VI biosynthesis, assembly,
The phylogeny of the lichen family Candelariaceae was investigated using nucleotide sequences from the ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. 23 species of Candelariella, 6 species of Candelaria, 2 species of Candelina and 2 species of Placomaronea were included in the study. Acarospora cervina and Pleopsidium chlorophanum were used as outgroup species. The phylogenetic analysis were performed u
A follow-up liver biopsy was done 9-16 years (mean 12 years) after initial biopsy in 20 untreated Swedish patients infected with hepatitis C (8 men, 12 women; mean age 30 years at initial biopsy) in whom first biopsy had been classified as chronic persistent hepatitis. A significant progression of liver damage was found when using Histology Activity Index (HAI) scoring according to Knodell (p=0.00
The single-trial emotional Stroop effect for masked threat words, and its association with anxiety, anger, and depression was studied in a group of men (n = 24) and women (n = 24) while controlling for possible differential thresholds for threat words vs. neutral words. Stroop interference for masked threat words was found to correlate with trait anxiety, and the effect could not be explained by a
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta regulates vascular development through two type I receptors: activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 1 and ALK5, each of which activates a different downstream Smad pathway. The endothelial cell (EC)-specific ALK1 increases EC proliferation and migration, whereas the ubiquitously expressed ALK5 inhibits both of these processes. As ALK1 requires the kinase activity
BACKGROUND: Ventilator resetting is frequently needed to adjust tidal volume, pressure and gas exchange. The system comprising lungs and ventilator is so complex that a trial and error strategy is often applied. Comprehensive characterization of lung physiology is feasible by monitoring. The hypothesis that the effect of ventilator resetting could be predicted by computer simulation based on a phy
