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Bottom-Up Growth of Monolayer Honeycomb SiC

The long theorized two-dimensional allotrope of SiC has remained elusive amid the exploration of graphenelike honeycomb structured monolayers. It is anticipated to possess a large direct band gap (2.5 eV), ambient stability, and chemical versatility. While sp2 bonding between silicon and carbon is energetically favorable, only disordered nanoflakes have been reported to date. Here we demonstrate l

Teaching unleashes expression

I propose that the evolution of teaching has been central in extending manipulative intentions. Demonstrating may be the evolutionarily first form of expression that is productive, ostensive, and involves informative intention. Demonstration also involves theory of mind. Then pantomime goes a step further and involves a communicative intention. Pantomime can thereby function as displaced communica

Three-dimensional liquid foam flow through a hopper resolved by fast X-ray microtomography

We probe the complex rheological behaviour of liquid foams flowing through a conical constriction. With fast X-ray tomographic microscopy we measure in situ the displacement and deformation of up to fifty thousand bubbles at any single time instance while varying systematically the foam liquid fraction, the bubble size and the flow direction - convergent vs. divergent. The large statistics and hig

Ignorance and the regulation of artificial intelligence

Much has been written about the risks posed by artificial intelligence (AI). This article is interested not only in what is known about these risks, but what remains unknown and how that unknowing is and should be approached. By reviewing and expanding on the scientific literature, it explores how social knowledge contributes to the understanding of AI and its regulatory challenges. The analysis i

Reduced epilepsy development in synapsin 2 knockout mice with autistic behavior following early systemic treatment with interleukin-6 receptor antibody

BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of developing epilepsy. Both ASD and epilepsy have been associated with increased levels of immune factors in the blood, including the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). Mice lacking the synapsin 2 gene (Syn2 KO) exhibit ASD-like behavior and develop epileptic seizures. Their brains display neuroinflamma

Cell-specific switch for epileptiform activity : critical role of interneurons in the mouse subicular network

During epileptic seizures, neuronal network activity is hyper synchronized whereby GABAergic parvalbumin-interneurons may have a key role. Previous studies have mostly utilized 4-aminopyridine to induce epileptiform discharges in brain slices from healthy animals. However, it is not clear if the seizure-triggering ability of parvalbumin-interneurons also holds true without the use of external conv

Conifer-killing bark beetles locate fungal symbionts by detecting volatile fungal metabolites of host tree resin monoterpenes

Outbreaks of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) have decimated millions of hectares of conifer forests in Europe in recent years. The ability of these 4.0 to 5.5 mm long insects to kill mature trees over a short period has been sometimes ascribed to two main factors: (1) mass attacks on the host tree to overcome tree defenses and (2) the presence of fungal symbionts that support suc

Comparative 1H NMR study of hydroxy protons in galabioside and its S-linked 4-thiodisaccharide analogue in aqueous solution

The NMR data obtained from hydroxy protons have been used to investigate the presence and absence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in aqueous solutions of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl galabioside (α-D-Galp-(1→4)-β-D-Galp-O(CH2)2SiMe3) and the S-linked 4-thiodisaccharide analogue. The data show that there is a weak hydrogen bond interaction between O-6H and O-2'H in galabioside, but not in the thio-an

Soil Moisture Assimilation Improves Terrestrial Biosphere Model GPP Responses to Sub-Annual Drought at Continental Scale

Due to the substantial gross exchange fluxes with the atmosphere, the terrestrial carbon cycle plays a significant role in the global carbon budget. Drought commonly affects terrestrial carbon absorption negatively. Terrestrial biosphere models exhibit significant uncertainties in capturing the carbon flux response to drought, which have an impact on estimates of the global carbon budget. Through

Stem cell-based interventions for the treatment of stroke in newborn infants

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To evaluate the benefits and harms of stem cell-based interventions for the treatment of stroke in newborn infants compared to control (placebo or no treatment) or stem-cell based interventions of a different type or source.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging through scattering media

Fluorescence lifetime determination has proven to be useful, e.g. identification of molecules, quantitative estimation of species concentration and determination of temperatures. Lifetime determination of exponentially decaying signals is challenging if signals of different decay rates are being mixed, resulting in erroneous results. Such issues occur when the contrast of the measurement object is

A Switched Array Sounder for Dynamic Millimeter-Wave Channel Characterization: Design, Implementation and Measurements

A prerequisite for the design and evaluation of wireless systems is the understanding of propagation channels. While abundant propagation knowledge exists for bands below 6 GHz, the same is not true for millimeter-wave frequencies. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and measurement-based verification of a re-configurable 27.5-29.5 GHz channel sounder. Based on the switched array

Kartläggning och analys av Skånes elförsörjning

In Sweden there has been an increasing power shortage recently, especially in the region of Scania, which has resulted in escalating electricity prices and in turn a public will to fix the problem. The situation is a result of the existing electricity production being decommissioned or replaced by more variable alternatives together with the fact that electricity transmission from other parts of S

Modelling and Simulation of Gearset Behavior : Effects of Manufacturing Errors and Electrification

Due to electrification, new demands are imposed on gears regarding e.g., quality, noise, lubrication, and gear ratio.Therefore, a better understanding of gearset meshing and operation is needed. Experiments are valuable tools, butalso tend to be cumbersome and time consuming. Moreover, contact pressure cannot be measured satisfactorily.Thus, a simulation tool is needed. In this thesis, an LTCA sim