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Greening the world economy through cities

Besides comprising a majority of the world’s population, cities concentrate disproportional amounts of the world’s economy and decision-making power. Further, though urban areas cover only around two percent of the Earth’s surface, they consume 75 percent of its resources. Yet as a hub for social and political movements and centres of technological and institutional knowledge and innovation, citie

Extreme Hardness Achievements in Binderless Cubic Boron Nitride Tools

Binderless cubic boron nitride tools are available in two forms: single phase cBN and dual phase wBN/cBN (w is wurtzite phase). In this work, a novel heat treatment process involving surface heating using a continuous wave CO2 laser followed by tandem waterjet quenching of the laser beam path was applied to increase the hardness of both forms of boron nitride. Stress-induced phase transitions and

Optimal intra-symbol transmit windowing for multicarrier modulation

Windowing of the transmitted blocks in a multicarrier system yields an improved spectral containment of the resulting basis functions, which allows larger transmit power compared to no windowing while fulfilling the power spectral density (PSD) requirements. Most transmit window designs proposed so far aim at maximising the mainlobe energy and thus the spectral containment of the transmit basis fu

Advanced Cleaning Devices for Production of Green Syngas

In this note the objectives of a project financed from European Community in the FP7 to realize a cleaning system for a syngas obtained from the gasification of biomass will be reported. In order to us the obtained sysngas can be transformed with further catalytic processes previously eliminating sulphur chlorine, COS, HCN NH3 and tars.

Wood Chip Refiner Control

The authors treat the control of a chip refiner to produce wood pulp, where the incremental gain between the motor load and the plate gap is subject to sudden changes due to pad collapse. Passive adaptive control with fault detection, active suboptimal dual control, and dual-control solutions are discussed. For dual control, the choice of the control criterion is crucial, as it must reflect the pe