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Mapping daily evapotranspiration and dryness index in the East African highlands using MODIS and SEVIRI data

Routine information on regional evapotranspiration (ET) and dryness index is essential for agricultural water management, drought monitoring, and studies of water cycle and climate. However, this information is not currently available for the East Africa highlands. The main purpose of this study is to develop (1) a new methodology that produces spatially gridded daily ET estimates on a (near) real

Rethinking the Univariate Approach to Panel Unit Root Testing: Using Covariates to Resolve the Incidental Trend Problem: Using Covariates to Resolve the Incidental Trend Problem

In an influential paper, Hansen (Rethinking the Univariate Approach to Unit Root Testing: Using Covariates to Increase Power, Econometric Theory 11, 1148–1171, 1995) shows that covariate augmentation can lead to substantial power gains when compared to univariate tests. In this paper we ask if this result extends also to the panel data context? The answer turns out to be yes, which is maybe not th

Introducing urban food forestry: a multifunctional approach to increase food security and provide ecosystem services

We examine the potential role of perennial woody food-producing species ("food trees") in cities in the context of urban sustainable development and propose a multifunctional approach that combines elements of urban agriculture, urban forestry, and agroforestry into what we call "urban food forestry" (UFF). We used four approaches at different scales to gauge the potential of UFF to enhance urban

Cyclometallated gold(iii) aryl-pyridine complexes as efficient catalysts for three-component synthesis of substituted oxazoles.

Cyclometallated aryl-pyridine gold(iii) complexes are shown to be efficient catalysts for the multicomponent reaction between N-benzyl imines, alkynes, and acyl chlorides to form trisubstituted oxazoles. The reaction typically proceeds in good yields (up to over 80%) and short reaction times (∼15 minutes). The high stability of the investigated cyclometallated catalysts enables a retained efficien

A Universal Prior Distribution for Bayesian Consistency of Non parametric Procedures

The introduction of the Hausdorff alpha-entropy in Xing (2008a), Xing (2008b), Xing (2010), Xing (2011), and Xing and Ranneby (2009) has lead a series of improvements of well-known results on posterior consistency. In this paper we discuss an application of the Hausdorff a-entropy. We construct a universal prior distribution such that the corresponding posterior distribution is almost surely consi

Autophagy is increased in laminin {alpha}2 chain-deficient muscle and its inhibition improves muscle morphology in a mouse model of MDC1A.

Congenital muscular dystrophy caused by laminin α2 chain deficiency (also known as MDC1A) is a severe and incapacitating disease, characterized by massive muscle wasting. The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a major role in muscle wasting and we recently demonstrated that increased proteasomal activity is a feature of MDC1A. The autophagy-lysosome pathway is the other major system involved in deg

Tracking of Physical Activity with Accelerometers Over a Two-year Time Period.

BACKGROUND: Limited data exists of tracking and changes in accelerometer measured physical activity in children. METHODS: Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for four days in 167 children (boys n=90, girls n=77), aged 9.8±0.6 years. Follow-up measurement was made 2.0±0.1 yrs later (range 1.9-2.1 yrs). General physical activity (GPA) was defined as mean count/minute. Minutes of inact

Paediatric ventilation treatment of acute lung injury in Nordic intensive care units

BackgroundTreatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children is largely based on extrapolated knowledge obtained from adults and which varies between different hospitals. This study explores ventilation treatment strategies for children with ARDS in the Nordic countries, and compares these with international practice. MethodsIn October 2012, a questionnaire covering ventilation tr

Effects of freeze-thawing and intravenous infusion on mesenchymal stromal cell gene expression.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are increasingly used as an investigative therapeutic product for immune disorders and degenerative disease. Typically, MSC are isolated from human tissue, expanded in culture and cryopreserved until usage. The safety and efficacy of MSC therapy will depend on the phenotypical and functional characteristics of MSC. The freeze-thawing procedure may change these chara

Unfolding the phenomenon of interrater agreement: a multicomponent approach for in-depth examination was proposed.

OBJECTIVE: The overall objective was to unfold the phenomenon of interrater agreement: to identify potential sources of variation in agreement data and to explore how they can be statistically accounted for. The ultimate aim was to propose recommendations for in-depth examination of agreement to improve the reliability of assessment instruments. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Using a sample where 1

Lacustrine evidence of Holocene environmental change from three Faroese lakes: a multiproxy XRF and stable isotope study

The vegetation history of the Faroe Islands has been investigated in numerous studies all broadly showing that the early-Holocene vegetation of the islands largely consisted of fellfield with gravely and rocky soils formed under a continental climate which shifted to an oceanic climate around 10,000 cal yr BP when grasses, sedges and finally shrubs began to dominant the islands. Here we present da

Interaction of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron with the kallikrein-kinin system

Many bacterial pathogens interfere with the contact system (kallikrein kinin system) in human plasma. Activation of this system has two consequences: cleavage of high-molecular-mass kininogen (HK) resulting in release of the potent proinflammatory peptide bradykinin, and initiation of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. In this study, two species of the Gram-negative anaerobic commensal organism

An adaptive alignment algorithm for quality-controlled label-free LC-MS.

Label-free quantification using precursor-based intensities is a versatile workflow for large-scale proteomics studies. The method requires extensive computational analysis and is therefore in need of robust quality control during the data mining stage. We present a new label-free data analysis workflow integrated into a multi-user software platform. A novel adaptive alignment algorithm has been d

Individual patient risk stratification of high-risk neuroblastomas using a two-gene score suited for clinical use.

Several gene expression-based prognostic signatures have been described in neuroblastoma, but none have successfully been applied in the clinic. Here we have developed a clinically applicable prognostic gene signature, both with regards to number of genes and analysis platform. Importantly, it does not require comparison between patients and is applicable amongst high-risk patients. The signature

Multiple Anticancer Effects of Damsin and Coronopilin Isolated from Ambrosia arborescens on Cell Cultures.

Terpenoids in plants are important sources for drug discovery. In this study, we extracted damsin and coronopilin, two sesquiterpene lactones, from Ambrosia arborescens and examined their anticancer effects on cell cultures. Damsin and coronopilin inhibited cell proliferation, DNA biosynthesis and formation of cytoplasmic DNA histone complexes in Caco-2 cells, with damsin being more potent than co

Cystatin C Levels are Positively Correlated with both A beta(42) and Tau Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Persons with Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Healthy Controls

Cystatin C is suggested to be involved in neurodegeneration and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by binding to soluble amyloid-beta (A beta) peptides. Studies of cystatin C levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in relation to risk of AD are conflicting and relations between cystatin C, A beta(42), and tau levels in CSF in AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls are unkno

Development of mass transport resistance in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) films and particles - A mechanistic study.

Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) is the most frequently used biodegradable polymer in the controlled release of an encapsulated drug. The purpose of this work was to explain the surprisingly slow diffusion through this polymer, and locate the major source of mass transport resistance. Diffusion of human growth hormone (hGH) and glucose through PLG films was undetectable (using a diffusion cell