Aryl iodides are important synthetic intermediates that can be transformed into tritium labelled compounds by metal-mediated hydrodehalogenation and also react in a number of important synthetic transformations. We present ICI/ln(OTf)(3) as a new reagent combination for mild iodination, suitable for acid-sensitive substrates such as carbohydrates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Trace element interactions can affect the absorption, metabolism, or effects of elements. Also, different elements may derive from the same source. Associations in biological media between element concentrations may indicate such phenomena. A large number of correlations were found between 13 trace elements (Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Rh, Pd, Cd, W, Pt, Hg, Tl, and Pb) in human blood and/or serum, as inv

Background: It has been shown previously that an anterior cruciate ligament injury may affect postural control, measured by balance in single-limb stance. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the influence of measures of impairment on postural control after such an injury. Purpose: To assess the influence of knee laxity, proprioception, and muscle strength on balance in single-limb stance an

Aim This paper presents a probabilistic method for the characterization of pollen taxa using attributes, and for the reconstitution of past biomes. The probabilities are calculated on the basis of European floristic and pollen databases sufficiently large and exhaustive to provide robust estimates. Location The analysis is based on data from approximately 1000 sites throughout Europe. Method We us

Airborne dust samples from damp (n = 9) and control (n = 9) residences were analyzed for microorganisms (molds and bacteria), bacterial markers (3-hydroxy fatty acids and muramic acid), and adsorbed volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The number of mold species was greater in the damp residences than in the controls (23 vs.18) and nine mold species were found only in damp residences. The levels of

OBJECTIVES: Long-term, low-dose macrolide therapy is effective in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. It is believed that macrolide antibiotics produce this benefit through an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, the effect of clarithromycin treatment on the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and the key pro-inflammatory nuclear transcription factor, NF-kappa B, was exami

A multicentric phase 2 study was conducted to determine the efficiency and the tolerance of imatinib mesylate in children with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in advanced phase of the disease, in relapse after stem cell transplantation, or in case of failure to an interferon a-based regimen. In all, 30 children from eight European countries were enrolled. In 18 children assessable for hematolog

Rättsläget när det gäller att få en godkänd arbetsskada efter utmattningssyndrom är synnerligen oklart, och det är snarare regel än undantag att dessa ärenden avslås. Vi beskriver hur ett sådant ärende bedömts av Försäkringskassan och Länsrätten. Ärendet gick inte vidare till Kammarrätten, eftersom försäkringskassan godtog Länsrättens dom. Därmed är inte domen vägledande rent juridiskt, men utslag

Consider a stationary normal process ξ(t) with mean zero and the covariance function r(t). Properties of the sample functions in the neighborhood of zeros, upcrossings of very high levels, etc. have been studied by, among others, Kac and Slepian, 1959 [4] and Slepian, 1962 [11]. In this paper we shall study the sample functions near local maxima of height u, especially as u → -∞, and mainly use si

The usefulness of measuring neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFAs) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) separately in order to interpret perturbation effects on soil and compost microorganisms has been studied. Initially the NLFA/PLFA ratios were studied in different soils. Low ratios were found for fatty acids common in bacteria, especially for cyclopropane fatty acids. Higher ratios were found for fa

High-spin states of a number of nuclei near Ni-56 have been studied by means of the Si-28(Ar-36,x alpha ypzn) reaction. The GAMMASPHERE array in conjunction with light charged particle and neutron detectors were used to identify and cleanly select the fusion-evaporation products. In addition to significantly extending the level schemes of many previously known N = Z nuclei from Fe-52 to Cu-58, exc

The formation of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by Pediococcus damnosus strain 2.6 was investigated in two different high P-glucan suspensions of oat (OBC) and barley (BBC). Bacterial growth was confirmed by measuring pH, colony forming units (cfu), viscosity and ropiness during growth. Growth and an increase in viscosity of the beta-glucan suspension based on oat were observed whereas only a minor grow

The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is the third alternative for combustion in the reciprocating engine. Here a homogeneous charge is used as in a spark-ignited engine, but the charge is compressed to autoignition as in a diesel. The main difference compared with the Spark Ignition (SI) engine is the lack of flame propagation and hence the independence from turbulence. Compared with