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Based on thorough ethnographic fieldwork in a refugee camp in Tanzania this book provides a rich account of the benevolent "disciplining mechanisms" of humanitarian agencies, led by the UNHCR, and of the situated, dynamic, indeterminate, and fluid nature of identity (re)construction in the camp. While the refugees are expected to behave as innocent, helpless victims, the question of victimhood amo
This contribution explores the attempts by international humanitarian agencies and the post-genocide Rwandan state respectively to deal with exceptionality created by the genocide and return to normality. It does so by comparing two kinds of camps that deal with exceptional life: the refugee camps for Hutu who fled after the genocide and the Rwandan government's ingando re-education camps. While t
This paper investigates the importance of competence-based trust on the fundraising success of Initial Coin Offerings. Based on a dataset with 3,644 ICOs, our models test the influence of generic and specific human capital on the probability of token-based new ventures to secure the amount of funds they intended to during ICOs. Our results suggest a positive and statistically significant influence
The intensity dependence of picosecond kinetics in the light-harvesting antenna of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum is studied at 77 K. By changing either the average excitation intensity or the pulse intensity we have been able to discriminate singlet-singlet and singlet- triplet annihilation. It is shown that the kinetics of both annihilation types are well characterized by the
In the African Great Lakes region, Hutu and Tutsi for the most part live peacefully side by side, while at times they have committed genocide and other atrocities in the name of ethnicity. On the one hand, ethnicity is strong enough to mobilize hundreds of thousands of ordinary Hutu peasants in Rwanda to kill, maim, and molest their Tutsi neighbors and to have the Tutsi-dominated army in Burundi s
This study explores how academic scientists engage as experts in public debates characterised by scientific uncertainty and societal urgency, focusing on rhetorical positioning and communicative intentions. The research centres around the debate concerning COVID-19 measures in Sweden and analyses 109 opinion pieces written by scientists in various newspapers. The analysis identifies four ideal-typThis study explores how academic scientists engage as experts in public debates characterised by scientific uncertainty and societal urgency, focusing on rhetorical positioning and communicative intentions. The research centres around the debate concerning COVID-19 measures in Sweden and analyses 109 opinion pieces written by scientists in various newspapers. The analysis identifies four ideal-typ
Building on the case of three municipal currencies (in Brazil, Spain and Belgium), the policy brief argues municipal currencies can be considered transversal careinfrastructures because, depending on their design and governance, theyfacilitate the visualization and circulation of economic, social andenvironmental value in ways that directly address community needs, enhancesocial welfare, promote e
Epitaxial shell is vital for enhancing the optoelectronic performance of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), especially for the wide bandgap blue QDs, yet the shell crystal structure's impact on thermal stability and photophysical behavior remains unexplored. It is reported that the ligand-directed synthesis of ZnS shells with zinc blende (ZB) or wurtzite (WZ) structure on blue WZ CdZnS cores, where
Membrane glycoproteins frequently adopt different conformations when altering between active and inactive states. Here, we discover a molecular switch that exploits dynamic spatial rearrangements of N-glycans during such conformational transitions to control protein function. For the conformationally switchable cell adhesion glycoprotein α5β1 integrin, we find that only the bent-closed state
Pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes have evolved different mechanisms to evade host immune defenses, primarily through the expression of virulence factors. Among these, the Streptococcal nuclease A (SpnA), a cell wall-associated protein, is important in bacterial pathogenesis. SpnA hydrolyzes host DNA present within neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), therefore helping bacteria t
Most pre-clinical models fail to reliably predict the effects of immunotherapeutic drugs intended for treatment of cancer. A major limitation is their inability to reliably model the tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex and essential component of tumor resistance to treatment. Patient-derived tumor models, like precision-cut tumor slices (PCTS), preserve the tumor architecture and capture the c
Unlike most bacteria, Streptomyces grows by extending branching hyphae, forming a mycelium that resembles fungal growth more than typical prokaryotic behaviour. This growth strategy leads to questions about how bacteria control cell shape, polarity, and development in a multicellular context. While many regulatory systems involved in Streptomyces development have been described, others remain poor
IntroductionThe evidence for assessing whether a single stab injury to the trunk was inflicted by another person in an assault or self-inflicted has primarily been derived from autopsy studies. In this study, we investigate whether victim demographics, crime scene circumstances, and the injury characteristics of assault survivals are interchangeable with homicide characteristics, with a specific f
SummaryElevated HDL-C levels are generally regarded as prognostically favorable in cardiovascular disease. Our study shows that higher HDL cholesterol levels are prospectively associated with 18% increased risk of new-onset fractures in men but not in women. Higher HDL cholesterol may be a novel risk factor for developing fractures in men.PurposeIncreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can induce oxidative stress, genomic instability, and epigenetic modifications. In occupational settings, Cr(VI)-exposed workers may also be exposed to other toxicants, such as elements besides Cr, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, research on the extent of these co-exposures and their combined effects remains limited. The objective of this study
Insect pollinators are declining globally, partly due to agricultural intensification, which threatens biodiversity and ecosystem services. To help decision-makers make informed choices, a variety of tools such as softwares, websites and frameworks have been developed to guide pollinator-friendly management and conservation. However, the lack of a comprehensive overview of these tools limits stake
We investigate whether the eye parameter of bumblebees—a visual trait measuring the tradeoff between light sensitivity and visual resolution—is associated with: (i) local habitats, (ii) forest cover at the landscape scale (1 km radius), and (iii) the shade tolerance of the plants they forage on. The association of bumblebee species with local habitat and forest cover at the landscape scale was ana
