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[NiFe] hydrogenases catalyse the reversible conversion of molecular hydrogen to protons and electrons. This seemingly simple reaction has attracted much attention because of the prospective use of H2 as a clean fuel. In this paper, we have studied how H2 binds to the active site of this enzyme. Combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) optimisation was performed to obtain the geo

In this chapter, we describe the minigenome system for Ebola virus (EBOV), which reconstitutes EBOV polymerase activity in cells and can be used to model viral genome replication and transcription. This protocol comprises all steps including cell culture, plasmid preparation, transfection, and luciferase reporter assay readout.

The lack of a widely agreed framework to help define and align corporate brand identity constitutes a serious managerial problem and a shortcoming of the academic literature. In response, this article provides such a framework, the Corporate Brand Identity Matrix (CBIM), which draws upon the relevant literature, enriched by hands-on corporate experience gained by its application in three internati

In this chapter, we describe the detection of Ebola virus minigenomic mRNA using a nonradioactive Northern hybridization. This protocol comprises all steps beginning with the synthesis of a digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe, harvest of transcribed mRNA from cells transfected with the Ebola virus minigenome system, separation of mRNA species by denaturing RNA gel electrophoresis, transfer of the mRNA t

The Raheen Formation at Newtown Head in Waterford Harbour is a small isolated section of Ordovician rocks, dominated by volcanics of the Duncannon Group, but with interbedded fossiliferous shales. Although a brachiopod and trilobite dominated fauna has been known since the mid-nineteenth century, only the trilobites and cystoids have been assessed in modern terms. This paper describes the brachiop

The articles in this special issue contribute to the advances and development in the scholarship of brand orientation. They encompass a wide range of sub-topics, and collectively offer a unique insight into the still-emerging concept and new paradigm of brand orientation. In the process, they show how researchers across the world are contributing to the advancement of theory and practice. Our open

Grainyhead-like 2 is a human homolog of Drosophila grainyhead. It inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that is necessary for cell migration, and it is involved in neural tube closure, epithelial morphogenesis, and barrier formation during embryogenesis by regulation of the expression of cell junction proteins such as E-cadherin and vimentin. Cancer shares many common characters with devel

On the role and function of brands. The first book on strategic brand management published in Swedish, and one of the first internationally. Brand management and trademark management is discussed. The notion of the brand is discussed and the the corporate brand and its role in modern business and society is introduced.

Identity viewed with a branding lense from different prospectives

The Indonesian archipelago, Borneo, Sumatra and West New Guinea (Papua), hosts half of the world's known tropical peat swamps, which support a significant proportion of the estimated biodiversity on Earth. However, several species groups that inhabit peat swamp environments remain poorly characterised and their biology, particularly during early life stages, is not well understood. In the present

Brands as strategic resources and competitive advantages

Brands as competitive advantages in internationalisation and global competition

Aim: The dominant role of Tilia in primeval forests of Scandinavia has long been recognized, but the timing and mechanisms for its decline have not been completely unravelled. A particular uncertainty involves the balance between climate and human activities as the drivers of the change. One reason for the uncertainty is the challenge in evaluating the past cover of the genus owing to its poorly d

We report the insights gained from a major international landmark study into Monarchies as Corporate Brands. We were granted privileged and unprecedented access to Their Majesties the King and Queen of Sweden, to members of the Royal Family and to Senior Officials of the Royal Household of Sweden. Our study, drawing on field research and drawing on the extensive literature on monarchy, resulted in

Amine transaminase (ATA) catalyse enantioselectively the direct amination of ketones, but insufficient stability during catalysis limits their industrial applicability. Recently, we revealed that ATAs suffer from substrate-induced inactivation mechanism involving dissociation of the enzyme-cofactor intermediate. Here, we report on engineering the cofactor-ring-binding element, which also shapes th

The oomycete Pythium oligandrum is a mycoparasite and licenced biological control agent. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of P. oligandrum strain CBS 530.74, which is 36.80 Mb. It contains 341 scaffolds and 11,647 predicted protein-coding genes. As reported for plant-pathogenic Pythium species, RXLR-type effector sequences are absent.

High-power operation of conventional GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is severely limited by current crowding, which increases the bias voltage of the LED, concentrates light emission close to the p-type contact edge, and aggravates the efficiency droop. Fabricating LEDs on thick n-GaN substrates alleviates current crowding but requires the use of expensive bulk GaN substrates and fairly lar