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The extent to which humans help each other is extraordinary in itself, and difficult to explain from an evolutionary perspective. Therefore, there has been a recent surge in studies investigating the evolution of prosocial behavior using a comparative approach. Nevertheless, most of these studies have focused on primates only, and little is known about other animal orders. In a previous study, com

In recent years, there has been considerable research effort to determine whether other species exhibit prosocial motivations parallel to those of humans; however, these studies have focused primarily on primates, and with mixed results. We presented captive ravens with a modified prosocial choice task which aimed to address several criticisms of previous methods by including a stringent pretraini

CTLA-4 is important to down-regulating T cell responses and has been implicated in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus in both linkage and association studies. The aim of our study was to relate the polymorphic (AT)(n) microsatellite in the 3' untranslated sequence of the CTLA-4 gene to diabetes risk. We studied 616 consecutively diagnosed 0-34 year-old Swedish patients and 502 matched co

GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65Ab) are highly prevalent in type 1 diabetes, but their functional role in the pathogenesis of the disease and their relationship to T-cell reactivity to GAD65 is still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that GAD65Ab modulate presentation of GAD65 to T-cells. T-cell hybridoma T33.1, which recognizes the GAD65 274-286 epitope in the context of HLA-DRB1*0401, was incubated w

This study presents a 2-yr follow-up of 281 patients, aged 15-34 yr, diagnosed with diabetes between 1992 and 1993. At diagnosis, 224 (80%) patients were positive for at least one of the following autoantibodies: islet cell antibodies (ICAs), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADAs), or tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2As); the remaining 57 (20%) patients were negative for all three auto

Two forms of glutamic-acid decarboxylase (GAD) have been identified in mammalian tissues: a 65-kDa form (GAD65) and a 67-kDa form (GAD67). Alternate splicing produces one or two smaller variants of GAD67 in the brain of embryonic mice and rats. Additionally, a short, heretofore unidentified transcript homologous to GAD67 has been detected in human testis RNA. Because GAD, the enzyme responsible fo

Because the development of insulitis and diabetes is predictable in Lyp/Lyp congenic BB rats, we have characterized early islet inflammation in these rats to determine the cell subsets involved in the onset of autoimmune insulitis. Pancreas sections from prediabetic Lyp/Lyp, Lyp/+ and +/+ rats were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We found W3/25+ cells in the exo- and endocrine tissue from all th

A quantitative assay with microSepharose was used to determine GAD65Ab and IA-2Ab levels in 771 population-based patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at 15 to 34 years of age, and in 828 matched controls. Among the patients, 587 (76%) were classified with type I, 108 (14%) with type II, and 76 (10%) with unclassifiable diabetes. The levels above normal demonstrated a prevalence of GAD65Ab in

Eco-labelled seafood is an important tool to promote sustainable development in fisheries. A price premium on eco-labelled seafood signals a return on investment in sustainable fishing methods, providing an incentive for fishers to adopt such methods. This paper investigates whether Swedish fishermen gained a price premium from participating in the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)-certified Swedis

Input-output analyses have gained relevance in studies examining the value added distribution along globally fragmented value chains. However, their reliability to reflect true value added contributions has been challenged by biases identified by Nomaler & Verspagen (2014). In order to extend their analysis with an empirical component, we construct hypothetical input-output tables representing

Many students who enter college are insufficiently prepared to follow a demanding college-level curriculum. Thus, higher education institutions often require low-performing students to repeat failed courses, a full term, or even a full year. This paper is the first to investigate the effects of such a “(grade) retention” policy on student performance in higher education. We study a setting where f

Does the provision of after-school care promote maternal employment and thus help to foster gender equality in labor supply? We address this question by exploiting variation in cantonal (state) regulations of after-school care provision in Switzerland. To establish exogeneity of cantonal regulations with respect to employment opportunities and preferences of the population, we restrict our analysi

Disability insurance (DI) beneficiaries lose part or all of their benefits if earnings exceed certain thresholds (“cash-cliffs”). This implicit taxation is considered the prime reason for the low number of beneficiaries who expand work and reduce benefit receipt. We analyse a conditional cash programme that incentivises work related reductions of disability benefits in Switzerland. Four thousand D

Listen. If I ask you to listen, what is it that I ask of you—that you will understand, or perhaps obey? Or is it some sort of readiness that is requested? What occurs with a body in the act of listening? How do sound and voice structure audio-visual-spatial relations in concrete situations? This doctoral thesis in fine arts consists of six artworks and an essay that documents the research process,

En berättelse om organisering blandar fiktion med organisationsteorins grunder. Boken drivs framåt av vad som händer på det nystartade modeföretaget Mess. Genom skildringen av Mess och människorna i och runt omkring företaget ser vi framgångar, konflikter och utmaningar i organisationsteorins ljus.Mötet mellan den fiktiva berättelsen och de teoretiska fördjupningarna ger grundläggande förståelse f