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Ultra-high field (UHF) imaging provides substantial benefits for the structural and functional investigation of the human medial temporal lobe. The medial temporal lobe is a complex system of many subregions that is critically involved in many cognitive functions and vulnerable to neurodegenerative processes. Here, we first lay out the benefits of UHF imaging for visualizing anatomical features wi
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High resolution 7T MRI is increasingly used to investigate hippocampal subfields in vivo, but most studies rely on manual segmentation which is labor intensive. We aimed to evaluate an automated technique to segment hippocampal subfields and the entorhinal cortex at 7T MRI.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cornu ammonis (CA)1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus, subiculum, and entorhinal cor
The amygdala was highlighted as an early site for neurofibrillary tau tangle pathology in Alzheimer's disease in the seminal Braak & Braak article (1991). This knowledge has, however, only received traction recently with advances in imaging and image analysis techniques. Here, we provide a cross-disciplinary overview of pathology and neuroimaging studies on the amygdala. These studies provide
When facing decisions involving trade-offs between smaller, sooner and larger, delayed rewards, people tend to discount the value of future rewards. There are substantial individual differences in this tendency toward temporal discounting, however. One neurocognitive system that may underlie these individual differences is episodic memory, given the overlap in the neural circuitry involved in imag
INTRODUCTION: It is unclear the degree to which tau pathology in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) measured by 18F-flortaucipir positron emission tomography relates to MTL subregional atrophy and whether this relationship differs between amyloid-β-positive and amyloid-β-negative individuals.METHODS: We analyzed correlation of MTL 18F-flortaucipir uptake with MTL subregional atrophy measured with high
Medial temporal lobe (MTL) substructures are the earliest regions affected by neurofibrillary tangle pathology-and thus are promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, automatic segmentation of the MTL using only T1-weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging due to the large anatomical variability of the MTL cortex and the confound of the dura mater, which is co
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder affecting the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL). Although prior studies have analyzed whole-brain network distortions in TLE patients, the functional network architecture of the MTL at the subregion level has not been examined. In this study, we utilized high-resolution 7T T2-weighted magnetic resonance imag
Unitization, that is, the encoding of an association as one integrated entity, has been shown to improve associative memory in populations presenting with associative memory deficit due to hippocampal dysfunction, such as amnesic patients with focal hippocampal lesions and healthy older adults. One reason for this benefit is that encoding of unitized associations would rely on the perirhinal corte
Hippocampal sulcal cavities (HSCs) are frequently observed on MRI, but their etiology and relevance is unclear. HSCs may be anatomical variations, or result from pathology. We assessed the presence of HSCs, and their cross-sectional association with demographics, vascular risk factors and cognitive functioning in two study samples. Within a random sample of 92 patients with vascular disease from t
Although the hippocampus is one of the most studied structures in the human brain, limited quantitative data exist on its 3D organization, anatomical variability, and effects of disease on its subregions. Histological studies provide restricted reference information due to their 2D nature. In this paper, high-resolution (∼200 × 200 × 200 μm3) ex vivo MRI scans of 31 human hippocampal specimens are
INTRODUCTION: Suspected non-Alzheimer's pathophysiology (SNAP) is a biomarker driven designation that represents a heterogeneous group in terms of etiology and prognosis. SNAP has only been identified by cross-sectional neurodegeneration measures, whereas longitudinal measures might better reflect "active" neurodegeneration and might be more tightly linked to prognosis. We compare neurodegeneratio
We examined the relationship between in vivo estimates of tau deposition as measured by 18F-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography imaging and cross-sectional cortical thickness, as well as rates of antecedent cortical thinning measured from magnetic resonance imaging in individuals with and without evidence of cerebral amyloid in 63 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiat
BACKGROUND: Multi-atlas segmentation, a popular technique implemented in the Automated Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields (ASHS) software, utilizes multiple expert-labelled images ("atlases") to delineate medial temporal lobe substructures. This multi-atlas method is increasingly being employed in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, it is therefore becoming important to know how the constr
Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology is linked to neurodegeneration in the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Using a tailored pipeline, we correlated atrophy rate, as measured from retrospective longitudinal MRI, with NFT burden, measured from 18F-AV-1451 PET, within MTL regions of earliest NFT pathology. In amyloid-β positive but not amyloid-β negative individuals, we found significant correlation be
Medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions play integral roles in memory function and are differentially affected in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. The ability to structurally and functionally characterize these subregions may be important to understanding MTL physiology and diagnosing diseases involving the MTL. In this study, we characterized network architecture of the MTL in health
Recent advances in MRI and increasing knowledge on the characterization and anatomical variability of medial temporal lobe (MTL) anatomy have paved the way for more specific subdivisions of the MTL in humans. In addition, recent studies suggest that early changes in many neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are better detected in smaller subregions of the MTL rather than with whole stru
OBJECTIVE: An increasing number of human in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have focused on examining the structure and function of the subfields of the hippocampal formation (the dentate gyrus, CA fields 1-3, and the subiculum) and subregions of the parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices). The ability to interpret the results of such studies and
This study aimed to investigate how 6-bromoindirubin-3’-oxime (BIO) increases the osteogenic differentiation of canine bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in this process. We mimicked the effect of Wnt by adding BIO to the culture medium of BMSCs and examined whether canonical Wnt signaling positively affects the differentiation of these cells in
The present study examined the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES), childhood maltreatment, and the volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala between the ages of 25 and 36 years. Previous work has linked both low SES and maltreatment with reduced hippocampal volume in childhood, an effect attributed to childhood stress. In 46 adult subjects, only childhood maltreatment, and not
Decidualization is essential for successful pregnancy in rodents and primates. Although L-Tryptophan and its metabolites are essential for mammalian pregnancy, the underlying mechanism is poorly defined. We explored effects of tryptophan and kynurenine on human in vitro decidualization in human endometrial stromal cell line and primary endometrial stromal cells. Tryptophan significantly stimulates
