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Explorations and analysis of soundscapes have, since Canadian R. Murray Schafer's work during the early 1970's, developed into various established research - and artistic disciplines. The interest in sonic environments is today present within a broad range of contemporary art projects and in architectural design. Aesthetics, psychoacoustics, perception, and cognition are all present in this expand
Aqueous two-phase systems are generated by mixing aqueous solutions of two water-soluble polymers, or a polymer and a salt. These systems offer extremely mild conditions for separation of cells, organelles, proteins and other biomolecules, in biochemical processes. Considerable attention has been directed towards the use of the two-phase systems in several areas of biotechnology. The present paper
Precipitation and recovery of precipitates is one of the unit operations in chemical engineering that can be operated on a large scale. Experiences from the area of biotechnology have clearly shown that there is not enough selectivity in the precipitation methods used to be able to separate, for example, complex mixtures of proteins from cell homogenates. Moreover, methods to precipitate proteins
Purification of a biochemical product from fermentation broths or other complex biological mixtures generally involves a combination of techniques which resolve substances according to differences in their physicochemical properties. These techniques have traditionally been optimized individually rather than as a part of the integrated, continuous process. Moreover, a lot of the development and re
Partitioning in aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) provides a rapid and gentle means of separation of soluble as well as particulate biomaterials, e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, cells, viruses, organelles, and membranes. Partitioning between the two phases is a complex phenomenon, guided mainly by the interaction of the partitioned substance and the phase components, e.g., through hydrogen bonds, van
Conventional aqueous two-phase extraction by spontaneous partitioning has often problems with low specificity. The introduction of an affinity ligand into one of the phases has been attempted to enhance the specificity of protein partitioning (1-7; Chapters 29-31). However, this procedure still has some limitations in the effective removal of impurities as well as recovery and reuse of the ligand.
