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Analyzing Disparity and Rates of Morphological Evolution with Model-Based Phylogenetic Comparative Methods

Understanding variation in rates of evolution and morphological disparity is a goal of macroevolutionary research. In a phylogenetic comparative methods framework, we present three explicit models for linking the rate of evolution of a trait to the state of another evolving trait. This allows testing hypotheses about causal influences on rates of phenotypic evolution with phylogenetic comparative

Performance evaluation of IMERG and TMPA daily precipitation products over CONUS (2000–2019)

Ground validation of satellite-based precipitation products is necessary to evaluate the performance of satellite observation at local, regional, and global scales. The evaluation of the rainfall data accuracy will reveal both its strengths and weaknesses, thereby determining its suitability for hydrometeorological applications. To reach this goal, this study comprehensively evaluated and characte

Cohort profile : the Halland osteoarthritis (HALLOA) cohort-from knee pain to osteoarthritis: a longitudinal observational study in Sweden

Purpose The overall objective in this study is to investigate the early development of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its association with hand or/and knee OA, metabolic diseases, biomarkers, chronic pain, physical function and daily physical activity types. Participants The Halland osteoarthritis (HALLOA) cohort is a longitudinal cohort study that includes individuals with knee pain in

Association of Blood Pressure with Prostate Cancer Risk by Disease Severity and Prostate Cancer Death : A Pooled Cohort Study

Background: The association of blood pressure (BP) with prostate cancer risk after accounting for asymptomatic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, and with prostate cancer death, is unclear. Methods: We investigated BP, measured at a mean age of 38 years among 430,472 men from five Swedish cohorts, in association with incident prostate cancer (n = 32,720) and prostate cancer death (n = 6718).

An interrupted time series analysis of gambling behavior based on gambling operator revenue-based taxation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden

Objectives: The impact of COVID-19 on gambling behavior and the gambling industry itself has been widely speculated. Prior studies have shown how boredom, social isolation, poor mental health, and financial hardships, all of which have been associated with COVID-19, can aggravate problem gambling behaviors in patients with gambling disorders while also luring newcomers. Few studies have used metho

The EEAS navigating foreign policy paradigms

Addressing the issue of EU foreign policy, this article analyses one of the European institutions, the EEAS, and examines how the EEAS navigates in a European landscape characterised by a handful of main foreign policy paradigms. In particular, we ask how the EEAS has adjusted its foreign policies in the light of competing paradigms. In the first section, we explicate the key concepts including po

Globalisation in reverse? Reconfiguring the geographies of value chains and production networks

Standing at a crossroads, where ongoing 'slowbalisation' coincides with new forces such as the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, heightened geopolitical tensions, the emergence of disruptive technologies and the increasing urgency of addressing environmental challenges, many important questions remain unsolved regarding the nature and impact of the current economic globalisation. This special iss

Sympathizing With the Radical Right : Effects of Mainstream Party Recognition and Control of Prejudice

The electoral success of radical right parties throughout Western Europe is the biggest change to these formerly stable party systems. Several studies have identified that mainstream parties can shape the trajectory of radical right parties. Our aim is to contribute to this literature, and to investigate if and how radical right parties gain from mainstream party recognition. Theoretically, we dra

Growth after the streaming instability : The radial distance dependence of the planetary growth

Streaming instability is hypothesized to be triggered at particular protoplanetary disk locations where the volume density of the solid particles is enriched comparable to that of the gas. A ring of planetesimals thus forms when this condition is fulfilled locally. These planetesimals collide with each other and accrete inward drifting pebbles from the outer disk to further increase masses. We inv

Language-Agnostic Age and Gender Classification of Voice using Self-supervised Pre-Training

Extracting speaker-dependent paralinguistic information out of a person's voice, provides an opportunity for adaptive behaviour related to speaker information in speech processing applications. For instance, in audio-based conversational applications, adapting responses to the attributes of the correspondent is an integral part in making the conversations effective. Two speaker attributes that hum

From giant clumps to clouds-III. The connection between star formation and turbulence in the ISM

Supersonic gas turbulence is a ubiquitous property of the interstellar medium. The level of turbulence, quantified by the gas velocity dispersion (σg), is observed to increase with the star formation rate (SFR) of a galaxy, but it is yet not established whether this trend is driven by stellar feedback or gravitational instabilities. In this work, we carry out hydrodynamical simulations of entire d

Experiences of How Health and Lifestyle among Individuals with Knee Pain Have Been Influenced during the COVID-19 Pandemic, a HALLOA Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the health and lifestyles of both the general population and of vulnerable groups. Individuals with knee pain are recommended to lead an active lifestyle to relieve pain but find it difficult to maintain health and lifestyle compared to the general population due to the cause of chronic pain, impaired physical function, and a diminished quality of life. This stud

Evaluation of Simple Algorithms for Proportional Control of Prosthetic Hands Using Intramuscular Electromyography

Although seemingly effortless, the control of the human hand is backed by an elaborate neuro-muscular mechanism. The end result is typically a smooth action with the precise positioning of the joints of the hand and an exerted force that can be modulated to enable precise interaction with the surroundings. Unfortunately, even the most sophisticated technology cannot replace such a comprehensive ro

Dialectic of Two Cultures : Edward Albee, C. P. Snow, and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? as Dramatized Epistemology

Since its publication and first performance, Edward Albee’s Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962) has often been interpreted with regard to the theme of truth and illusion. A less studied but nonetheless important aspect of the play concerns its relation to C. P. Snow’s concept of the “two cultures.” This article argues for the convergence of these two discussions, resulting in an epistemological

The association of surgical approach and bearing size and type with dislocation in total hip arthroplasty for acute hip fracture

AIMS: Patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs) treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) have an almost ten-fold increased risk of dislocation compared to patients undergoing elective THA. The surgical approach influences the risk of dislocation. To date, the influence of differing head sizes and dual-mobility components (DMCs) on the risk of dislocation has not been well studied. METHODS: In a

Thinking the Human System : The Application of Humanities and Social Science Reasoning to Societal Problems

Between 1967 and 1972, Swedish futures studies emerged as a distinct political and intellectual endeavor. In this development, the humanities and social sciences played a special role, especially through the idea that human knowledge and knowledge about a “human system” could be brought to bear on societal problems and used to forge a new approach to the future. We focus here on two scholars, hist

Agreement Between Clinical Examination and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Knee Trauma With Hemarthrosis

Objective:Hemarthrosis after knee trauma often indicates serious joint injury. Few studies have evaluated agreement between clinical examination and findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to describe the agreement between acute clinical examination and subacute MRI findings after acute knee trauma with hemarthrosis and the importance of the subspecialty of the examiner.Design:Lon

Mellan Pod och Patient – hur förändras arbetet när vården blir digital, slutrapport

Teknikutvecklingen inom e-hälsoområdet möjliggör ständigt nya och mer avancerade arbetssätt för att övervaka och vårda patienter digitalt. Vården sker då genom kontinuerlig övervakning av patientens hälsa via digitalt överförda data och kommunikation mellan vårdpersonal och patient där feedback och rekommendationer skräddarsys efter patientens behov och tillstånd. Denna typ av digital vård är ett