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Ventilation with increased apparatus dead space vs positive end-expiratory pressure : Effects on gas exchange and circulation during anesthesia in a randomized clinical study

Atelectasis formation can be reduced by positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP), but resulting increases in intrathoracic pressure could affect circulation. We have earlier demonstrated that increased tidal volumes with larger apparatus dead space improves oxygenation and sevoflurane uptake. In the present study, we hypothesize that isocapnic ventilation with increased tidal volumes increases oxyge

Klimatförändringars inverkan på broars säkerhet och prestanda : En översyn av potentiella effekter och anpassningsåtgärder

4 Sammanfattning Vår infrastruktur kommer att påverkas av klimatförändringar, både nu och i framtiden. För att kunna säkerställa infrastrukturens funktion och uppfylla de säkerhetskrav som finns kommer det därför att krävas investeringar i anpassningsåtgärder. Men åtgärder bör inte tas på utifrån bristfällig kunskap, det är därför väsentligt att i förväg kartlägga vilka typer av påverkan som kan f

Layered structure around an extended gliding discharge column in a methane-nitrogen mixture at high pressure

The current work aims at investigating the detailed spatial structure of the thin plasma column of a gliding arc (GA) discharge extended in N2-CH4 gas mixtures, using visualization techniques. The GA discharge was operated at up to 5 atm in a high-pressure vessel with extensive optical access. The results show that the emission intensity from the plasma column increased tenfold with the addition o

Genetics-squared : combining host and pathogen genetics in the analysis of innate immunity and bacterial virulence

The interaction of bacterial pathogens with their hosts' innate immune systems can be extremely complex and is often difficult to disentangle experimentally. Using mouse models of bacterial infections, several laboratories have successfully applied genetic approaches to identify novel host genes required for innate immune defense. In addition, a variety of creative bacterial genetic schemes have b

Critical function for Naip5 in inflammasome activation by a conserved carboxy-terminal domain of flagellin

Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that sense microbial infection and trigger cytokine production and cell death. However, the molecular components of inflammasomes and what they sense remain poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that 35 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus of flagellin triggered inflammasome activation in the absence of bacterial contaminants or secretion systems. T

Revealing turning points in ecosystem functioning over the Northern Eurasian agricultural frontier

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 has been a turning point in the World history that left a unique footprint on the Northern Eurasian ecosystems. Conducting large scale mapping of environmental change and separating between naturogenic and anthropogenic drivers is a difficult endeavor in such highly complex systems. In this research a piece-wise linear regression method was used for breakpo

Differential requirements for NAIP5 in activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome

Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to infectious or noxious stimuli and activate the CASPASE-1 protease. The inflammasome containing the nucleotide binding domain-leucine-rich repeat (NBD-LRR) protein NLRC4 (interleukin-converting enzyme protease-activating factor [IPAF]) responds to the cytosolic presence of bacterial proteins such as flagellin or the inn

Inflammasome components coordinate autophagy and pyroptosis as macrophage responses to infection

UNLABELLED: When microbes contaminate the macrophage cytoplasm, leukocytes undergo a proinflammatory death that is initiated by nucleotide-binding-domain-, leucine-rich-repeat-containing proteins (NLR proteins) that bind and activate caspase-1. We report that these inflammasome components also regulate autophagy, a vesicular pathway to eliminate cytosolic debris. In response to infection with flag

Experimental and theoretical lifetimes in Yb III

Lifetimes of three levels belonging to the configuration 4f135d with J = 1 in Yb III have been measured for the first time using the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence method. Experimental transition probabilities have been deduced for the transitions between the levels studied and the ground state. The comparison of the experimental lifetimes with theoretical data, deduced within the relati

Romanticism and the Cultures of Infancy

This collection of essays explores the remarkable range and cultural significance of the engagement with 'infancy' during the Romantic period. Taking its point of departure in the commonplace claim that the Romantics invented childhood, the book traces that engagement across national boundaries, in the visual arts, in works of educational theory and natural philosophy, and in both fiction and non-

Mount Etna

An overview of the cultural significance of Etna during the eighteenth century and Romantic period.