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Xylooligosaccharides from Hardwood and Cereal Xylans Produced by a Thermostable Xylanase as Carbon Sources for Lactobacillus brevis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis.

To compare xylans from forestry with agricultural origins, hardwood xylan (birch) and cereal arabinoxylan (rye) were hydrolyzed using two variants of the xylanase RmXyn10A, full-length enzyme and catalytic module only, from Rhodothermus marinus . Cultivations of four selected bacterial species, using the xylooligosaccharide (XOS) containing hydrolysates as carbon source, showed selective growth of

A role for inflammatory metabolites as modulators of the glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in depression and suicidality.

Patients with depression and suicidality suffer from low-grade neuroinflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines activate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an initial enzyme of the kynurenine pathway. This pathway produces neuroactive metabolites, including quinolinic- and kynurenic acid, binding to the glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor, which is hypothesized to be part of the neural mechanisms under

Cabozantinib Resolves Bone Scans in Tumor-Naive Mice Harboring Skeletal Injuries

The receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib (XL184, BMS-907351 Cometriq) has displayed impressive clinical activity against several indications, culminating in its recent approval for medullary thyroid cancer. Among malignancies with tropism for the bone (prostate, breast), one striking feature of early clinical reports about this drug has been the rapid and complete resolution of bone sca

Correlation energy functional and potential from time-dependent exact-exchange theory.

In this work we studied a new functional for the correlation energy obtained from the exact-exchange (EXX) approximation within time-dependent density functional theory. Correlation energies have been calculated for a number of different atoms showing excellent agreement with results from more sophisticated methods. These results lose little accuracy by approximating the EXX kernel by its static v

Longitudinal relaxation in dipole-coupled homonuclear three-spin systems: Distinct correlations and odd spectral densities.

A system of three dipole-coupled spins exhibits a surprisingly intricate relaxation behavior. Following Hubbard's pioneering 1958 study, many authors have investigated different aspects of this problem. Nevertheless, on revisiting this classic relaxation problem, we obtain several new results, some of which are at variance with conventional wisdom. Most notably from a fundamental point of view, we

Pharmacogenomic Association of Nonsynonymous SNPs in SIGLEC12, A1BG, and the Selectin Region and Cardiovascular Outcomes

We sought to identify novel pharmacogenetic markers associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension on antihypertensive therapy. We genotyped a 1:4 case:control cohort (n=1345) on the Illumina HumanCVD Beadchip from the INternational VErapamil SR-Trandolapril STudy (INVEST), where participants were randomized to a -blocker strategy or a calcium channel blocker strategy. Genom

Which Biomarkers Are Effective for Identifying Th2-Driven Inflammation in Asthma?

Recognition of asthma as a heterogeneous disease revealed different potential molecular targets and urged the development of targeted, customized treatment modalities. Evidence was provided for different inflammatory subsets of asthma and more recently, further refined to T helper (Th)2-high and Th2-low subphenotypes with different responsiveness to standard and targeted pharmacotherapy. Given the

Eculizumab in an anephric patient with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome and advanced vascular lesions.

Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is associated with dysfunction of the alternative pathway of complement. Disease activity subsides as renal failure progresses but recurs upon renal transplantation, indicating that viable renal tissue contributes to disease activity. We present evidence of cerebrovascular occlusive disease indicating that vascular injury may occur in the absence of kidn

Common Polymorphisms in the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 Genes: Evidence for a Digenic Influence on Hypertension

The locus encompassing the corticosteroidogenic genes CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 is of potential importance in essential hypertension. We analyzed the association of polymorphisms at this locus with risk of essential hypertension, using 2 white case-control collections for discovery (n = 3340) and confirmation (n = 2929). Single-marker and haplotype analyses were performed, with the CYP11B2 Intron 2 Conv

Nanostructural Morphology of Plasticized Wheat Gluten and Modified Potato Starch Composites: Relationship to Mechanical and Barrier Properties

In the present study, we were able to produce composites of wheat gluten (WG) protein and a novel genetically modified potato starch (MPS) with attractive mechanical and gas barrier properties using extrusion. Characterization of the MPS revealed an altered chain length distribution of the amylopectin fraction and slightly increased amylose content compared to wild type potato starch. WG and MPS o

Analysis of case-control association studies with known risk variants

Motivation: The question of how to best use information from known associated variants when conducting disease association studies has yet to be answered. Some studies compute a marginal P-value for each Several Nucleotide Polymorphisms independently, ignoring previously discovered variants. Other studies include known variants as covariates in logistic regression, but a weakness of this standard

Fear of Wolves and Bears: Physiological Responses and Negative Associations in a Swedish Sample

Human fear is important in wildlife management, but self-reported fear provides only partial information about fear reactions. Thus, eye movements, skin conductance, and changes in heart rate were assessed during picture viewing, visual search, and implicit evaluation tasks. Pictures of bears, wolves, moose, and hares were presented to participants who self-reported as fearful of bears (n = 8), fe

Ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling in intact and annually burnt forest at the dry southern limit of the Amazon rainforest (Mato Grosso, Brazil)

Background: The impact of fire on carbon cycling in tropical forests is potentially large, but remains poorly quantified, particularly in the locality of the transition forests that mark the boundaries between humid forests and savannas. Aims: To present the first comprehensive description of the impact of repeated low intensity, understorey fire on carbon cycling in a semi-deciduous, seasonally d

In vitro experiment using porcine artery for evaluation of ultrasonic measurement of arterial luminal surface profile

Introduction In early-stage atherosclerosis, the luminal surface of the arterial wall becomes rough because of detachment of endothelial cells and degeneration of the internal elastic layer. Therefore, it would be useful if minute luminal surface roughness of the carotid arterial wall, which occurs in the early stage of atherosclerosis, could be measured noninvasively with ultrasound. The injured

Priming of the decomposition of ageing soil organic matter: concentration dependence and microbial control

The amount of carbon (C) stored in soil is an important regulator for the global climate and soil fertility and is the balance between formation and decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition of SOM can be powerfully affected by labile carbon (C) supplements in, for example, the rhizosphere. A stimulation of SOM mineralisation induced by labile C additions is termed priming', and th

Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA): a tool in diagnosis and treatment of infertility

Diagnosis of male infertility has mainly been based on the World Health Organization (WHO) manual-based semen parameter's concentration, motility and morphology. It has, however, become apparent that none of these parameters are reliable markers for evaluation of the fertility potential of a couple. A search for better markers has led to an increased focus on sperm chromatin integrity testing in f

Endovascular Treatment of Two Pseudoaneurysms Originating From the Left Ventricle.

A 67-year-old woman resented with an acute type A aortic dissection, which was treated surgically with aortic valve replacement as a composite graft with reimplantation of the coronary arteries. At the end of surgery, a left-ventricular venting catheter was placed through the apex and closed with a buffered suture. Consecutive computed tomography (CT) examinations verified a growing apex pseudoane