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Clustering Methods for the Characterization of Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence Images of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque

This study employs computational algorithms to automatically identify and classify features in X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy images. Principal component analysis (PCA) and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, such as Gaussian mixture (GM) clustering, are implemented to label features on a collection of XRF maps of human atherosclerotic plaque samples. The investigation involves the hard

Psychological need satisfaction, frustration, and unfulfillment profiles in the workplace : Their nature, predictors, and outcomes

Based on self-determination theory, this research relied on person-centered analyses to show how the distinct components of psychological need states combine to produce distinct profiles. We also explored contemporarily antecedents (perceptions of the organization's environmental corporate social responsibility and negative moral emotions related to the organization's environmental (ir)responsibil

High concordance of PET-CT treatment response evaluation according to PERCIST 1.0 when comparing images reconstructed with OSEM vs. BSREM

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) response criteria in solid tumours (PERCIST 1.0) is a systematic assessment of therapy response with fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET. The ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) and block sequential regularized expectation maximization (BSREM) reconstruction algorithms are both commonly used. The impact of using OSEM or BSREM on P

Two intuitions about free will—Some afterthoughts

In 2014, Christian List and I published a paper that delineated our view regarding what it takes for an agent to act freely. We suggested that this requires the action to be endorsed by the agent and caused by this endorsement and yet not be necessitated. Free action requires indeterminism at the agential level—the kind of indeterminism that is compatible with physical determinism. I still think t

How to evaluate exertional breathlessness using normative reference equations in research

Purpose of review Breathlessness is a common, distressing and limiting symptom in people with advanced disease, but is challenging to assess as the symptom intensity depends on the level of exertion (symptom stimulus) during the assessment. This review outlines how to use recently developed normative reference equations to evaluate breathlessness responses, accounting for level of exertion, for va

Synergistic association of Aβ and tau pathology with cortical neurophysiology and cognitive decline in asymptomatic older adults

Animal and computational models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) indicate that early amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits drive neurons into a hyperactive regime, and that subsequent tau depositions manifest an opposite, suppressive effect as behavioral deficits emerge. Here we report analogous changes in macroscopic oscillatory neurophysiology in the human brain. We used positron emission tomography and task-free

Introduction

Over the last few years, we have witnessed a surge in protest movements around the world. As planet Earth shows its vulnerability and a global pandemic has fundamentally recalibrated the textures of our individual and collective lives, a shared concern for survival triggers individuals and groups to contest the status quo and to call for alternative solutions to the pressing issues of our time. Th

Nutritional quality of diet characterized by the Nutri-Score profiling system and cardiovascular disease risk : a prospective study in 7 European countries

Background: Nutri-Score is a scientifically validated 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label reflecting the nutrient profile of foods. It has been implemented in several European countries on a voluntary basis, pending the revision of the European labeling regulation. Hence, scientific evidence is needed regarding the ability of the nutrient profile underlying the Nutri-Score (uNS-NPS, 2023-updated

Morphometry of medial temporal lobe subregions using high-resolution T2-weighted MRI in ADNI3 : Why, how, and what's next?

This paper for the 20th anniversary of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions in ADNI using a dedicated high-resolution T2-weighted sequence. A review of the work that supported the inclusion of this imaging modality into ADNI Phase 3 is followed by a brief description of the ADNI MTL

How does dyslexia impact second language acquisition? : Insights from a questionnaire study with Italian and German learners of L2 English

This study compares the self-perception of first (L1) and second (L2) language competence and dyslexia awareness in two groups of dyslexic students, one German and one Italian, learning English as a second language. Based on a survey, we investigate the relationship between students’ self-perception of their L1 and L2 competence, and how perceived L1 competence, L2 learning motivation, time of dys

Reindeer grazing reduces climate-driven vegetation changes and shifts trophic interactions in the Fennoscandian tundra

Herbivores drive shifts in plant species composition by interacting with vegetation through defoliation, trampling and nutrient addition: urine and faeces. As herbivore effects on vegetation accumulate over time, they might spillover to other trophic levels, but how and when this happens is poorly understood. Since it is methodologically demanding to measure biodiversity across spatial gradients,

The CONVINCE randomized trial found positive effects on quality of life for patients with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodiafiltration

In the CONVINCE trial, the primary analysis demonstrated a survival benefit for patients receiving high-dose hemodiafiltration (HDF) as compared with high-flux hemodialysis (HD). A secondary objective was to evaluate effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL); assessed in eight domains (physical function, cognitive function, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, pain interference

Aminomethylations of electron-deficient compounds—bringing iron photoredox catalysis into play

The α-functionalisation of N-containing compounds is an area of broad interest in synthetic chemistry due to their presence in biologically active substances among others. Visible light-induced generation of nucleophilic α-aminoalkyl radicals as reactive intermediates that can be trapped by electron-deficient alkenes presents an attractive and mild approach to achieve said functionalisation. In th

Skogens klimatnytta 2.0 – Klimatomställning nästa

Det skogsbruk och den skogsnäring vi har idag har formats i en annan tid och under andra förutsättningar än de som råder nu. Hur man än ser på klimatfrågan innebär den en ny dimension som återstår att fullt ut inkorporera i bedömningar och beslut om mål och styrning, hos skogsägaren, skogsindustrin och i politiken. Vid sidan om produktionen av träråvara måste nu också klimatnyttan ses som ett mål.

The use of venous blood gas in assessing arterial acid−base and oxygenation status–an analysis of aggregated data from multiple studies evaluating the venous to arterial conversion (v-TAC) method

Background: Several methods exist to reduce the number of arterial blood gases (ABGs). One method, Roche v-TAC, has been evaluated in different patient groups. This paper aggregates data from these studies, in different patient categories using common analysis criteria. Research design and methods: We included studies evaluating v-TAC based on paired arterial and peripheral venous blood samples. B

Microheater Controlled Crystal Phase Engineering of Nanowires Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

Crystal Phase Quantum Dots (CPQDs) offer promising properties for quantum communication. How CPQDs can be formed in Au-catalyzed GaAs nanowires using different precursor flows and temperatures by in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) experiments is studied. A III-V gas supply system controls the precursor flow and custom-built micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) chips wi

Fentanyl dosage for preterm infants suggested by a pharmacokinetic, -dynamic, and -genetic model

Background: Fentanyl is commonly administered for procedural pain management in preterm infants, but target concentrations have not yet been defined. Methods: To investigate pharmacokinetics (PK), -dynamics (PD), and -genetics (PG), 25 infants (gestational age 23.3–34.1 weeks) received a fentanyl dose before a skin-breaking procedure (0.5 µg/kg) or tracheal intubation (2 µg/kg). Four pain scales w

MATCHING OF AN OVERHUNG VOLUTE TO A CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR AT VARIED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Centrifugal compressors are widely used in turbocharged powertrains for Heavy-Duty applications. The volute of the centrifugal compressors is generally of the overhung type. The design of volutes is often neglected, and the shape of the volute is dictated by the packaging requirements of the engine. However, with the advent of Hydrogen-based propulsion systems, the efficiency of all the components

A recurrence-type strong Borel-Cantelli lemma for Axiom A diffeomorphisms

Let (X, μ, T , d) be a metric measure-preserving dynamical system such that three-fold correlations decay exponentially for Lipschitz continuous observables. Given a sequence (Mk) that converges to 0 slowly enough, we obtain a strong dynamical Borel.Cantelli result for recurrence, that is, for μ-almost every x ∈ X, {equation presented} where μ(Bk(x)) = Mk. In particular, we show that this result h