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We studied the effect of the human diving response, defined as bradycardia and reduced peripheral blood flow, on arterial hemoglobin desaturation. We induced a diving response of different magnitudes by using apnea in air and apnea with face immersion. Each of 21 subjects performed five apneas in air and five apneas with face immersion in 10 degrees C water. Periods of apnea in both conditions wer
The aim of this study was to compare apneic time with the human diving response, defined as heart rate (HR) reduction and reduced skin blood flow, in groups with varying degrees of breath-hold diving experience. Apneic time and HR reduction at apneas in air and apneas with face immersion in cold water were thus recorded in nine groups. Skin capillary blood flow was recorded in six of the groups. A
The effects of lung volume and involuntary breathing movements on the human diving response were studied in 17 breath-hold divers. Each subject performed maximal effort apnoeas and simulated dives by apnoea and cold water face immersion, at lung volumes of 60%, 85%, and 100% of prone vital capacity (VC). Time of apnoea, blood pressure, heart rate, skin capillary blood flow, and fractions of end-ex
Human breath-hold divers usually perform a series of dives with short intervals. Repeated apneas prolong apneic time, and an accentuated diving response has been suggested to be the cause. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated apneas on apneic time and diving response in humans. Forty-one subjects performed a series of five apneas with face immersion in water of 10 degree
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is considered an approach to include all students in the university. UDL is based on three main principles providing multiple means of Engagement, multiple means of representation, and multiple means of action and expression. It is relevant for teachers and departments to focus on more flexibility for students to get the required information, expressing their th
The present dissertation explores students’ perception of their own readiness for higher education and students’ study related relations and the effect on academic outcome. The complexity of student engagement and academic success means that it is relevant to conduct in-depth studies of particular student populations, to explore how certain factors play out in that specific context. First, student
In this paper, we present a simple theoretical, steady-state equilibrium, predator-prey model for the joint management of marine mammals and a fish species. As an empirical case, we choose cod and grey seals in the Nordic-Baltic Sea countries, and several benefits and costs related to the latter are considered. We show that the optimal grey seal population is much lower than the actual population,
This article presents the main results of the author’s doctoral research (Ruiz Carreras, 2021), with a general goal to study the discourse of the pressure groups of the European Dairy Industry (EDI) from a non-speciesist perspective. To do so, the EDI is examined as an economic and influential actor, identifying the companies and key pressure groups, and analyzing the discourse constructed regardi
BackgroundIn order to estimate the prevalence and understand the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Sweden, the Public Health Agency of Sweden, with support from the Swedish Armed Forces, conducted a series of point prevalence surveys between March and December 2020.MethodsSampling material and instructions on how to perform self-sampling of the upper respiratory tract were delivered to the homes of the part
Background: Patient safety gained public notoriety following the 1999 report of the Institute of Medicine: To Err is Human – Building a Safer Health System which summarized a culminated decades' worth of research that had so far been largely ignored. The aim of this study was to analyze the report's impact on patient safety research in anesthesiology.Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed
The general objective of this research is to study the discourse of the European Dairy Industry (EDI) lobbyists from a non speciesist perspective. To achieve this, the EDI was examined as an economic and influential actor, through a political economy analysis, in order to identify the main companies and pressure groups, their links and their numbers. Then the discourse that the interest groups con
People with neurological disorders suffer from poor mobility, poor balance, fatigue, isolation and monotonous everyday activities. Studies show that equine-assisted interventions can improve their mobility and balance, but could these kinds of interventions also increase participants’ activity repertoire and self-assessed health, and reduce their fatigue? The study was conducted as a prospective,
The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains distinct subsets of classical dendritic cells (cDC), each playing key non-redundant roles in intestinal immune homeostasis. Here, we show that glycoprotein 2 (GP2), a GPI-anchored protein and receptor for bacterial type-I fimbriae, is selectively expressed by CD103+CD11b+ cDC in the murine small intestine (SI). GP2 expression was induced on CD103+CD11b+
The adult immune system consists of cells that emerged at various times during ontogeny. We aimed to define the relationship between developmental origin and composition of the adult B cell pool during unperturbed hematopoiesis. Lineage tracing stratified murine adult B cells based on the timing of output, revealing that a substantial portion originated within a restricted neonatal window. In addi
