Objectives. To record the occurrence of well-differentiated bladder carcinoma reported as T1 G1 to the Swedish Urinary Bladder Cancer Registry, to review the staging and grading of the carcinomas and to scrutinize the validity of the data on T1 G1 tumours reported to the registry during the period 1997-2000. Material and methods. The primary histopathological diagnoses of 98 cases of well-differen

A simplified method using centrifugation and microcentrifuge tubes instead of filtration to measure bacterial activity using thymidine or leucine incorporation, originally used in aquatic habitats, has been adapted for soil. A final step employing hot NaOH to solubilize macromolecules before adding scintillation fluid was necessary to achieve the same incorporation rates as those in the filtration

In this paper, enhancement of the signal root estimation of a particular kind of real-valued two-dimensional (2-D) sinusoidal modes is considered. To its constitution, each mode corresponds to the superposition of two real-valued plane waves in a particular symmetry. The concept of partial forward-backward averaging, which is applicable for modes that are undamped in at least one dimension, is int

The antigen-binding site, the paratope, of an antibody can be seen as being composed of a central core and a more peripheral area situated at its rim. Naturally these regions acquire their diversity using different mechanisms and they also have dissimilar roles, as they contribute differently to the binding interaction. Also, antigens of different size utilize these regions differently; while hapt

An efficient approach was developed for ester-linking the sterically hindered carboxy group of N-acetylneuraminic acid with the secondary hydroxy group at C(2) of galactose. Putative precursors of the glycosidically linked disaccharide Neu5Ac-(2-3)-Gal were prepared.

The aim of this thesis was to study onlay bone grafting in the adult rat to improve graft incorporation and perservation of graft size. In 167 adult isogeneic lewis rats, the size maintenance and bone formation at the graft-host interface of uni- and bicortical onlays positioned in various environments and treatments were investigated. The findings were assessed after four, 12 and 20 weeks with ro

The dynamics of electron transfer within an excited ruthenium complex as well as between a ruthenium complex and a nanostructured TiO2 film is addressed on the core hole few femtosecond lifetime scale. The ruthenium complexes studied are Ru(bpy)32+·2Cl− (where bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine) as well as Ru(bpy)2(dcbpyH2)2+·2PF6− (dcbpy is 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bypyridine) anchored to a nanostructured TiO2 su

Dose calculations with a collapsed cone algorithm implemented in a clinical treatment planning system have been studied. The algorithm has been evaluated in homogeneous as well as in heterogeneous media, and the results have been compared to measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Commonly encountered clinical beam configurations as well as more complex geometries have been pursued to test the l

Two-phase partitioning bioreactors offer many advantages for the removal of toxic pollutants. In particular, such systems can be loaded with very large quantities of pollutants without risks of microbial inhibition, they are self-regulated and they prevent the risks of hazardous pollutant volatilisation during aerobic treatment. However, their potential has never been tested at low temperatures. P

Electrochemical and fluorometric studies on a few selected phenazine and phenoxazine dyes has been carried out in free conditions and when covalently attached to a protein. The dyes have been coupled using the conventional coupling agent carbodiimide (derivative). Neutral Red and Nile Blue A, show significant shifts in their emission peaks to shorter wavelengths on binding to bovine serum albumin

The temperature dependencies of the intensities of the HCl stretching bands of the hydrogen chloride complexes with acetylene and ethylene have been used to obtain estimates of the dissociation enthalpies of the two complexes. Quantum chemical calculations on the Hartree Fock and DFT/B3LYP levels of theory have been combined with experimental data to give estimates of the intensities of the HCl st