If the nodes of a graph are considered to be identical barrels – featuring different water levels – and the edges to be (locked) water-filled pipes in between the barrels, consider the optimization problem of how much the water level in a fixed barrel can be raised with no pumps available, that is, by opening and closing the locks in an elaborate succession. This model is related to an opinion for

A two-type version of the frog model on Zd is formulated, where active type i particles move according to lazy random walks with probability pi of jumping in each time step (i = 1, 2). Each site is independently assigned a random number of particles. At time 0, the particles at the origin are activated and assigned type 1 and the particles at one other site are activated and assigned type 2, while

Aims: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) improve outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but remain underused and are often discontinued especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to concerns on renal safety. Therefore, in a real-world HFrEF population we investigated the safety of MRA use, in terms of risk of renal events, any mortality and an

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether alcohol use disorder (AUD) can be transmitted contagiously in siblings and likely acquaintances growing up close to one another (Propinquity-of-Rearing Defined Acquaintances [PRDAs]). Method: PRDAs were pairs of same-age subjects growing up within 1 km of each other and sharing the same school class, where one of whom (PRDA1) was first

AbstractRecent research in the wider archaeological landscape of Great Zimbabwe recovered moreevidence of metallurgical tuyeres fused in varied multiples indicative of their use in natural draft iron smelting technologies. We report the first detailed chemical, microstructural and thermal analyses of these ceramic materials most likely associated with large-scale iron production at the zenith of tWe report the first detailed chemical, microstructural and thermal analyses of a growing corpus of metallurgical tuyeres from the wider archaeological landscape of Great Zimbabwe in southern Africa. Of note is the fusion of the tuyeres in multiples, suggestive of widespread use of natural draft iron smelting technologies for large-scale production of iron most likely during the zenith period of Gr

This chapter introduces readers to the view that praise is a form of address, or is communicative in the sense of seeking uptake from its target. The proposal that praise is communicative will seem counterintuitive if we take blame to be our paradigm of what it is for a responsibility-response to be communicative. This is because blame is communicative in a manner that intuitively presupposes some

The author Ulf Nyman's name was given incorrectly as Nyam U in the footer of the Supplementary file. The original article has been corrected.

The binocular field of vision differs widely in birds depending on ecological traits such as foraging. Owls (Strigiformes) have been considered to have a unique binocular field, but whether it is related to foraging has remained unknown. While taking into account allometry and phylogeny, we hypothesized that both daily activity cycle and diet determine the size and shape of the binocular field in

Polyandry is a common phenomenon and challenges the traditional view of stronger sexual selection in males than in females. In simultaneous hermaphrodites, the physical proximity of both sex functions was long thought to preclude the operation of sexual selection. Laboratory studies suggest that multiple mating and polyandry in hermaphrodites may actually be common, but data from natural populatio

The trade-off between reproductive investment in early versus late life is central to life-history theory. Despite abundant empirical evidence supporting different versions of this trade-off, the specific trade-off between age at first reproduction (AFR) and age at last reproduction (ALR) has received little attention, especially in long-lived species with a pronounced reproductive senescence such

Human impacts on the natural world often generate environmental trends that can have detrimental effects on distributions of phenotypic traits. We do not have a good understanding of how deteriorating environments might impact evolutionary trajectories across multiple generations, even though effects of environmental trends are often significant in the statistical quantitative genetic analyses of

IntroductionCardiac surgery is required in up to half of the patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Positive valve cultures have been associated with higher in-hospital mortality. The aims were to identify risk factors for positive valve cultures and its relation to outcome.MethodsPatients subjected to heart valve cultures due to surgery for IE in Skåne University Hospital, Lund, between 2012

IntroductionYouth drinking has been declining in Sweden since the year 2000. There is a paucity of studies examining trends in alcohol-related harm during this period. The overall aim of the present study is to examine how trends in alcohol-related harm match trends in drinking among Swedish youths during 2000–2021.MethodsMeasures of alcohol use were obtained from national school surveys. Prevalen

Background: Peritonitis is a major cause of morbidity in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and an independent risk factor for elevated all-cause mortality. The aims of this study were to report the incidence, trend, aetiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility of PD-associated peritonitis and catheter-related infections in South Sweden between 2011–2020.Methods: This population-based observational cohort st

The parameters of PMSM with inter-turn fault are identified using a time-stepping finite element method (FEM). Analytical expressions (AE) uses the estimated parameters for fault analysis similar to FEM analysis. The fault waveforms, terminal voltages, obtained from the AE models are used for inter turn fault (ITF) detection, using Stator Flux Linkage DC offset (SFDO). A comparison is made between

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a phosphosphingolipid with pleiotropic biological functions. S1P acts as an intracellular second messenger, as well as extracellular ligand to five G-protein coupled receptors (S1PR1-5). In the brain, S1P regulates neuronal proliferation, apoptosis, synaptic activity and neuroglia activation. Moreover, S1P metabolism alterations have been reported in neurodegenerat

The modern study of Wilms tumour was prompted nearly 50 years ago, when Alfred Knudson proposed the ‘two-hit’ model of tumour development. Since then, the efforts of researchers worldwide have substantially expanded our knowledge of Wilms tumour biology, including major advances in genetics — from cloning the first Wilms tumour gene to high-throughput studies that have revealed the genetic landsca