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Housing market in Punjab faces number of challenges related to supply, population growth, access to utilities, affordability, and consumer mortgages. In 2017, Punjab, Pakistan, experienced a total urban housing deficit of about 2.3 million units. Due to the Punjab's low supply of affordable housing, home ownership is uneven, with the majority of owners being concentrated in the highest-income

This research investigates how Weather and Climate Information Services (WCIS) have been used by farmers in the Tattaguine district of Senegal, where rainfed agriculture faces challenges due to increasing climate variability. The study employed qualitative methods, including structured interviews, key informant interviews, and a focus group discussion. The findings reveal high WCIS use rates but l

The purpose of this candidate essay is to investigate whether there are any differences in how female and male party leaders are portrayed in news articles. To establish a reasonable level of abstraction, the essay has focused on Nyamko Sabuni and Johan Pehrson as the two party leaders under investigation. By using qualitative content analysis, this essay has developed and utilized a coding scheme

Omskärelsen som företeelse har sina rötter årtusenden tillbaka i tiden och genomförs runt om i världen av olika skäl. Den religiöst motiverade omskärelsen på minderåriga pojkar är tillåten i Sverige genom lag (2001:499) om omskärelse av pojkar (OmskL). Lagens utformning underbyggs av argument avseende religionsfrihet och vårdnadshavarens rätt att uppfostra sina barn i enlighet med deras religiösa The phenomenon of circumcision dates thousands years back and is performed all around the world for various reasons. The religiously motivated circumcision of underage boys has been permitted in Sweden under the law on circumcision of boys from 2001. The formulation of the law is underpinned by arguments relating to religious freedom and the right of custodians to raise their children in accordanc

Saudi Arabia has been exporting Salafism, a fundamentalist version of Islam, to Bosnia and Herzegovina since the 1992-95 Yugoslav secession war. However, Salafism has been mostly rejected, even though one might expect Bosnian society to be susceptible to radicalism. The purpose of this paper is to make empirical and theoretical contributions to norm diffusion theory, by closely mapping the reasons

Crisis in the financial sector have come to be a natural part of the economic cycles, as well as the compulsory regulatory measures that follow. These processes have been documented since the beginning of financial revolutions where the states and financial institutions are intertwined in an eternal dance ever since. Both external chocks and internal innovations can spark booms or busts. But how m

Denna uppsats undersöker sekretesslagstiftningen i den svenska offentliga förvaltningen. Området har blivit aktuellt i samband med de omfattande förändringar, däribland en anmälningsplikt mot papperslösa, som presenterats i Tidöavtalet och den efterföljande kritik från olika yrkesgrupper. Kritiken består huvudsakligen av att förslagen strider mot existerande lagstiftning och mot yrkesetik. Det är This thesis examines the privacy legislation in the Swedish public administration. The topic has become relevant following the proposals made in “Tidöavtalet”, a written political agreement between the Swedish government parties and Sverigedemokraterna, a supporting party. The proposals suggest reforming the current legislation and to introduce an obligation to report illegal immigrants to the pol

This thesis investigates the power balance between states and multinational corporations, and how the green energy transition impacts this balance, a connection commonly overlooked by researchers. I have sought to remedy this gap by conducting a qualitative case study of the relationship between the Democratic Republic of Congo, which holds the majority of global cobalt reserves, and major cobalt

This essay aims to explore how women are portrayed within populist discourse. By comparing the discourses in party programs, official documents, and statements from political leaders; our intention is to explore how women are characterized within left-wing and right-wing populism. Is there a difference between left and right, or does populist rhetoric always abate women considering its primary foc

More than a year has passed since the war in Ukraine started, and it is yet not known why countries decide to support Ukraine through bilateral aid. In this study, the factors that affect countries’ decision to give aid to Ukraine have been examined. First, data for 8 independent and 2 dependent variables was collected, after which multiple linear regressions were carried out. Due to issues with m

The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyze three cases of local parties, often referred to as independent local lists, in Sweden. More specifically the case study consists of three cases of urban local parties which can be described as local parties in municipalities with a bigger than average population. The study contributes to the research by exclusively focusing on urban local parties whi

The following study aimed to critically examine the differences in the portrayal of refugees in Swedish newspapers between the European refugee crisis 2015 and the Ukraine crisis 2022. Through a critical discourse analysis based on Fairclough's (2010) three-dimensional model, a total of eight selected articles from Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet were analyzed. The study found that the discursi

This bachelor’s thesis in Political Science examines the differences between Swedish trade union members and elected representatives’ attitudes to the functions of trade unions. The study draws from theory of bounded rationality by Herbert A. Simon and theory of collective action by Mancur Olson as well as theory on social movements, to create a theoretical framework in which three functions of tr

The development in Africa has for a long time been harmed because of its high corruption levels. During the last decades, Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) have increasingly flown into African states as an attempt to strengthen the societies. Therefore, this thesis has investigated what kind of impact FDI between 1975 and 2000 has had on corruption levels in Africa. Through a hypothesis testing

I ljuset av BEPS-projektets strävan efter effektivare tvistlösningsförfaranden i samband med dubbelbeskattning har EU tagit fram mekanismer som avser att effektivisera skattetvistlösning inom unionen. Resultatet blev rådets direktiv (EU) 2017/1852 av den 10 oktober 2017 om skattetvistlösnings-mekanismer i Europeiska unionen (skattetvistlösningsdirektivet), vilket sedan 2019 även är implementerat iIn the light of the BEPS projects aim to implement more effective dispute resolution mechanisms in situations where a double taxation may occur the EU have worked to develop mechanisms to make dispute resolution within the union more effective. The EU’s effort resulted in the Council Directive (EU) 2017/1852 of 10 October 2017 on Tax Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the European Union (the Tax Dis

In October 2022, under a new administration, the Swedish government made a historic declaration to abolish the established tradition of allocating one percent of the Gross International Income (GNI) to foreign aid. This pivotal decision, unprecedented in Sweden's history, has sparked considerable attention and raised questions about the motivation behind this notable shift in aid policy. There

Many scholars have studied the rising threat from terrorism and the different challenges for the intelligence community in the prevention of an attack. But little research has been done on countries' different preventive measures within counter-terrorism. One of those examples are between Denmark and Sweden, which have made largely different approaches to preventive measures regarding security

How can an authoritarian leader manage to get reelected for over three decades despite their undemocratic political strategy? This essay aims to explain how this is possible with the theoretical framework dictator’s dilemma, by using a comparative case study between Zimbabwe’s former president Robert Mugabe and Uganda’s president Yoweri Museveni. The motivation of the case selection is their long

Den svenska avtalslagen, med tillhörande principer, har existerat i över 100 år. Parallellt med att avtalsrätten stått stadigt har den teknologiska utvecklingen tagit markanta kliv framåt. De metoder för avtalsslut som var i åtanke vid utformandet av lagen är vitt skilda från de metoder som finns tillgängliga i dag. Detta har, än så länge, inte visat sig vara ett större problem. De regler och prinThe Swedish Contracts Act, with accompanying principles, has existed for over 100 years. While the contract law has remained mostly unchanged, the technological development has taken drastic steps forward. The methods for closing contracts that were in mind when forming the Swedish Contracts Act are vastly different from today’s available methods. This has, thus far, not shown to be any larger pro

This essay is a theory-consuming case study, the purpose of which is to investigate how Western norms and colonial power relations have influenced the design of the EU's trade agreement Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). The essay's theoretical framework is based on norm diffusion and postcolonial theory. First, empirical evidence about the theories and the EPA agreement is presented, t