The paper presents how Grafchart, a toolbox based on Grafcet, object-oriented programming ideas and high-level Petri nets, can be used to implement a batch control recipe execution and recipe representation system,. A brief overview of Grafchart is given and it is shown how its concepts fit the models defined in the recent ISA batch control standard S88.01. A simulated batch process cell scenario

Self-tuning control of the dissolved oxygen concentration has been tested in full scale at the Käppala Sewage Works at Lidingö, Sweden. The controller has been shown to be robust during varying operating conditions. It also gives the potential for the estimation of interesting variables, such as the oxygen uptake rate. A number of water quality variables have been examined. Interesting couplings b

A short Encyclopedia article on Richar Walther Darré. minister of agriculture in the Third Reich, close to Himmler

Funerary poems on animals form a subgenre of the standard epitaph written to commemorate a deceased person. The poet who created the conditions necessary for the establishment of this kind of poetry in Sweden was the queen dowager Hedvig Eleonora’s court poet Erik Lindschöld (1634–1690); his poems mourning the death of the queen’s bitches were presumably composed in the 1670s. These poems constitu

Correct estimation of symbol timing, Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is crucial in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication. Typically, high estimation accuracy is desired, but often comes with increased complexity. Which has a direct repercussion in energy consumption. In this article, an architecture based on Sign-Bit estimation with low com

This articles discusses the professionalization of human rights NGOs in the Balkans and the consequences for the relation between civil society as social movements, versus Civil Society as a budget category. This latter tendency leads to the rise of the projectization of development, wehereby NGOs simply become project organizations. The result is restrictions on the development of NGOs as the voi

Boken utgör en kulturhistorisk exposé över kakor, tårtor, bakelser och andra sötsaker från antikens Grekland till idag. I boken finns både berättande texter och ett femtiotal recept, ibland i mer än en variant. Samtliga recept är testade och fullt användbara idag. Boken är rikt illustrerad (nytagna färgbilder) och försedd med käll- och litteraturförteckning

Abstract is not available

The goal of these studies has been to elucidate the biological relevance of post-translational modifications in the context of a living organism. The model system used is photoreceptor differentiation during development of the compound eye in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Important signal transduction pathways in this process consist of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) coupled to a mitoge

In this work, we examine how to reliably exploit baseline diversity of a multichannel interferometric SAR system to overcome the layover problem. The problem arises when different height contributions collapse in the same range-azimuth resolution cell, due to the presence of strong terrain slopes or discontinuities in the sensed scene. Several multilook approaches have recently been suggested to c

Problems related to content of fat, oil and grease (FOG) in wastewater is an increasing problem in Sweden. FOG can cause clogging in the sewage system and subsequent flooding and disturbance of processes in waste water treatment plants. The problem has previously been mostly been related to release of large quantities of FOG from restaurants and large scale industries which has caused problems in

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