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Subarctic ecosystems are predicted to experience the fastest responses to climate change on the planet, with dramatically altered vegetation patterns, frost dynamics and hydrological flow paths. The resulting change in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export to river systems is poorly known, but reports of rising DOC in northern surface waters have led to widespread speculations on a possible climat

Dynamic ecosystem modelling offers potentially groundbreaking possibilities to reconstruct and project exports of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) from land to surface water. However, the balance between production, degradation and export of soil DOC remains a challenge to model in boreal forests, partly because variability in soil DOC turnover is poorly understood. Here we determined the heterogene

In the classical plenary lecture ‘Global limnology’ (J.A. Downing, 2007, SIL in Montréal), a new holistic direction for freshwater science was pointed out, focused at upscaling of limnological processes to planet Earth. Since then, the literature on the global importance of freshwater networks, especially as routes for carbon degassing, burial and transport, has grown explosively. This has been re

In spite of substantial greenhouse gas emissions from photo-degradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), little is known about the variability in DOC photo-reactivity. It has been suggested that photo-reactivity depends on the degree of DOC pigmentation. However, recent evidence suggests that also non-colored fractions can be photo-reactive. Furthermore photo-degradation processes interact with

The contribution of terrestrially-derived carbon to micro-crustacean zooplankton biomass (i.e. allochthony) has been previously studied in lakes and reservoirs, but little is known about allochthony in rivers. We hypothesized that restricted selective grazing in turbulent environments such as rivers would decouple zooplankton from specific microbial and algal food resources, such that their alloch

Swedish alpine and subarctic areas undergo rapid transitions due to climate change, especially in relatively humid areas where the forest vegetation is expanding. It has been suggested that lakes in these areas are in transition from clearwater into brownwater state, because of the humus layer building up in surrounding soils, with negative consequences, e.g., for the biomass production of zooplan

Planktonic community respiration is an important carbon cycling process, typically quantified by converting measured values of dissolved oxygen consumption rates into carbondioxide production rates using a respiratory quotient of 1 (RQ = carbondioxide per oxygen by moles). However, the true variability in planktonic RQs between different aquatic ecosystems is poorly understood. We conducted in sit

The stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) is a key tool in tracing the source of carbon within and across ecosystems. In isotope mixing models dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial sources is often assigned a fixed δ13C of roughly -28‰ to -27‰ in C3 plant-dominated areas. However, the claim of a uniform δ13C distribution for terrestrial DOC sources of different reactivity has seldom been te

What explains subnational policy choices over tax cut after decentralization? We test two different explanations in the context of the 2002 tax reform in Russia. A popular strand of literature suggests that decentralization induces more regional competition over investment, motivating subnational tax cuts. A second body of literature suggests that personal business interests of regional governors

Background Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis and clinical protocols are still lacking predictive biomarkers. RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) has emerged as a promising biomarker in several solid cancers, including pancreatic cancer.. High RBM3 expression in human tumors has been associated with good response to chemotherapy, as well as to confer increased chemosensitivity in vitro. The

The burden of mental disorders continues to grow and is now a leading cause of disability worldwide. The prevalence of mental disorders is unequal between population subgroups, and these disorders are associated with unfavourable consequences in social and economic conditions, health and survival. However, how the negative effects of mental disorders are distributed among population subgroups is lThe burden of mental disorders continues to grow and is now a leading cause of disability worldwide. The prevalence of mental disorders is unequal between population subgroups, and these disorders are associated with unfavourable consequences in social and economic conditions, health and survival. However, how the negative effects of mental disorders are distributed among population subgroups is l

BackgroundSubstandard and falsified medical products are a public health threat, primarily associated with low- and middle-income countries. Today, the phenomenon also exists in high-income countries. Increased Internet access has opened a global market. Self-diagnosis and self-prescription have boosted the market for unregulated websites with access to falsified medicines.AimTo describe the state