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Plants, being sessile organisms, constantly need to respond to environmental stresses, often leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS can be harmful, they also act as second messengers guiding plant growth and stress responses. Because chloroplasts are sensitive to environmental changes and are both a source and a target of ROS during stress conditions, they are impo

Background: The Nordic countries represent a unique case study for the COVID-19 pandemic due to socioeconomic and cultural similarities, high-quality comparable administrative register data and notable differences in mitigation policies during the pandemic. We aimed to compare weekly excess mortality in the Nordic countries across the three full pandemic years 2020–2022. Methods: Using data on wee

This piece is a comparative analysis of major parties’ manifesto pledges on AI for the 2024 UK general election.

In response to the rising needs for long-term research and innovation in the field of critical raw material exploration, the Smart Exploration Research Centre was established in 2024 in Sweden. Funded by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF), this initiative involves collaboration among academic institutions, industry, and the public sector. Building on the H2020-funded Smart Explora

BackgroundAccurate tumor volume estimation is important for evaluating the response to radionuclide therapy and external beam radiotherapy as well as to other pharmaceuticals. A common method for monitoring the growth of subcutaneous tumors in pre-clinical models and assessing the treatment response is to measure the tumor length and width by external calipers to estimate its volume. This procedur

This study introduces silicon substrates with a switchable magnetic contrast layer (MCL) for polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) experiments at the solid–liquid interface to study soft-matter surface layers. During standard neutron reflectometry (NR) experiments on soft-matter samples, structural and compositional information is obtained by collecting experimental data with different isotopic co

Partitioned polygenic scores (pPS) have been developed to capture pathophysiologic processes underlying type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the association of T2D pPS with diabetes-related traits and T2D incidence in the Diabetes Prevention Program. We generated five T2D pPS (b-cell, proinsulin, liver/lipid, obesity, lipodystrophy) in 2,647 participants randomized to intensive lifestyle, metfor

The addition of metal intercalants into the van der Waals gaps of transition metal dichalcogenides has shown great promise as a method for controlling their functional properties. For example, chiral helimagnetic states, current-induced magnetization switching, and a giant valley-Zeeman effect have all been demonstrated, generating significant renewed interest in this materials family. Here, we pr

To realize the transition of our society to a low-carbon future with innovative subsurface energy solutions, understanding the dynamic behavior of gas invading multi-fluid systems in underground pore space is critical. In this work, a joint approach of flow imaging and digital image processing is employed to investigate the fingering dynamics of gas invading multi-fluids in porous media. We examin

In sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana is recognized as one of the countries undergoing rapid economic transformation. Drawing on an agricultural transformation framework, this study sheds light on the current farm and nonfarm developments in the cassava subsector in five communities across four districts in Ghana. Using a qualitative exploratory research design based on field-work surveys, the study identi

Acoustic streaming shows great potential in applications such as bubble dynamics, cell aggregation, and nanosized particle isolation in the biomedical and drug industries. As the acoustic shock distance decreases with the increase of incident frequency, the nonlinear propagation effect will play a role in acoustic streaming, e.g., Eckart (bulk) streaming at a few gigahertz. However, the theory of

Glucocorticoid resistance is commonly observed in depression, and has been linked to reduced expression and/or function of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1 in human, hereafter referred to as GR). Previous studies have shown that GR-mutant zebrafish exhibit behavioural abnormalities that are indicative of an affective disorder, suggesting that GR plays a role in brain function. We compared the br

Det gränslösas slutenhet riktar sig till en kultur- och musikintresserad allmänhet som vill orientera sig om hur det postmoderna påverkar dagens tänkande om musik, men också till den läsare som vill sätta sig in i postmodernistisk teoribildning.

The synthesis of a strontium hexaferrite magnet is studied using in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with a 16-ms time resolution. The precursor material is cold compacted shape-controlled goethite and strontium carbonate. The time evolution of the phases is modeled with sequential Rietveld refinements revealing that strontium hexaferrite forms within seconds at ≈1173 K. Texture an

The interplay between superconductivity and the Kondo effect has stimulated significant interest in condensed matter physics. They compete when their critical temperatures are close and can give rise to a quantum phase transition that can mimic Majorana zero modes. Here, we have fabricated and measured Al-InSb nanowire quantum dot-Al devices. In the Kondo regime, a supercurrent-induced zero-bias c

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if ileo-psoas muscle size and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) can predict long-term survival after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). METHODS: Patients who underwent EVAR between 2004 and 2012 in a single centre were included. Total psoas muscle area (TPA), abdominal VAT area, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and total adipose tissue were measured on the preoperative CT.

Understanding the relation between enzyme domain structure and catalytic activity is crucial for optimal engineering of novel enzymes for lignocellulose bioconversion. Xylanases with varying specificities are commonly used to valorise the hemicellulose arabinoxylan (AX), yet characterization of specific arabinoxylanases remain limited. Two homologous GH5_34 arabinoxylanases, HhXyn5A and CtXyn5A, i

Background: Somatic and germline genetic alterations are significant drivers of cancer. Increasing integration of new technologies which profile these alterations requires timely, equitable and high-quality genetic counselling to facilitate accurate diagnoses and informed decision-making by patients and their families in preventive and clinical settings. This article aims to provide an overview of

Objective: We compared the accuracy of amyloid and [18F]Flortaucipir (FTP) tau positron emission tomography (PET) visual reads for distinguishing patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia with fluid biomarker support of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Participants with FTP-PET, amyloid-PET, and diagnosis of dementia-AD (n = 102), MCI-AD (n = 41), non-AD diseases (n = 76), and co

Anti-amyloid treatments for early symptomatic Alzheimer disease have recently become clinically available in some countries, which has greatly increased the need for biomarker confirmation of amyloid pathology. Blood biomarker (BBM) tests for amyloid pathology are more acceptable, accessible and scalable than amyloid PET or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, but have highly variable levels of perfor