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Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography of the white matter in normal aging : The rate-of-change differs between segments within tracts
Knowledge concerning the normal aging of cerebral white matter will improve our understanding of abnormal changes in neurodegenerative diseases. The microstructural basis of white matter maturation and aging can be investigated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Generally, diffusion anisotropy increases during childhood and adolescence followed by a decline in middle age. However, this process
Robot-assisted laparoscopic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy
Pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy are standard procedures for staging of genital cancers but may also be indicated by other malignancies in the pelvis. The procedures are well suited for minimally invasive surgery and robot assistance may help generalize and standardize the procedures.Step by step surgical techniques for pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy will be described.
General aspects and their handling : Comorbidities
Kronisk myeloisk leukemi : förebild för målstyrd terapi - Revolutionerande överlevnadsvinster med definitiv bot i sikte och kraftigt förbättrad hälsoekonomi
Vid kronisk myeloisk leukemi har målstyrd, kontinuerlig behandling med tyrosinkinashämmare lett till dramatiskt förbättrad överlevnad. Efter ett flertal år uppnås djupt molekylärt svar hos ca 50 procent av patienterna; ca 50 procent av dem kan då avbryta behandlingen utan tecken på återfall. Kontinuerlig behandling med tyrosinkinashämmare kan ge långsiktiga biverkningar. Efter patentutgång för imaChronic myeloid leukemia - a model disease for targeted therapy Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) pioneered as the first human malignancy linked to a specific cytogenetic aberration (the Philadelphia chromosome), which led the way to specific targeted therapies with imatinib (Glivec) and later tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Continuous TKI administration, blocking the oncogenic fusion protein Bcr-A
Case Study 5: Watching the rains to build resilience in the African Sahel
Economic Evaluations of Organ Transplantations : A Systematic Literature Review
The purpose of this study is threefold; 1) to establish the current level of knowledge regarding cost-effectiveness of organ transplantation, 2) to identify knowledge gaps, and 3) to suggest a framework for future studies. A systematic literature review of economic evaluations of transplantations of solid organs was conducted in October 2010. Economic evaluations published since 2000 and reviews p
Kanelbullar utlöste anafylaktisk reaktion - Genesen kan vara veteberoende ansträngningsutlöst anafylaxi
Veteberoende ansträngningsutlöst anafylaxi är en potentiellt livshotande födoämnesallergi.Omega-5-gliadin är huvudallergenet bakom sensibilisering mot vete.IgE-sensibilisering mot vete i kombination med den samverkande faktorn fysisk ansträngning kan orsaka anafylaxi.Veteberoende ansträngningsutlöst anafylaxi är ett viktigt tillstånd att känna till.Det är viktigt att uppta noggrann anamnes på allaCinnamon rolls triggered anaphylactic reaction. The genesis could be wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis Two case reports from our Department of Allergology illustrate the wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), which is a relatively rare, yet potentially fatal form of food allergy. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most commonly grown crop world-wide, and some individuals ca
Det obetalda omsorgsarbetet ur ett hälsoekonomiskt perspektiv
Psykossjukdomar, framför allt schizofreni, anses vara en av de mest krävande sjukdomar för anhö-riga, dels i termer av daglig assistans, dels dess negativa påverkan på hälsa och livskvalitet. Det är idag ovanligt att informell vård inkluderas i hälsoekonomiska analyser. I detta kapitel granskar vi litteraturen på detta område och har funnit sex kostnadsstudier i en europeisk kontext men inte någon
GFR estimation based on standardized creatinine and cystatin C : A European multicenter analysis in older adults
Although recommended by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPICR) creatinine equation was not targeted to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among older adults. The Berlin Initiative Study (BIS1CR) equation was specifically developed in older adults, and the Lund-Malmö revised (LMRCR) and the Full Age Spectrum (FASCR) eq
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Corticotroph Pituitary Carcinoma in a Patient With Lynch Syndrome (LS) and Pituitary Tumors in a Nationwide LS Cohort
Context: Lynch syndrome (LS) is a cancer-predisposing syndrome caused by germline mutations in genes involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Patients are at high risk for several types of cancer, but pituitary tumors have not previously been reported.Case: A 51-year-old man with LS (MSH2 mutation) and a history of colon carcinoma presented with severe Cushing disease and a locally aggressive pituit
Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke : A pooled analysis of data from population-based cohort studies
Background: Recent research indicates a favourable influence of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) if initiated early, but not late, on subclinical atherosclerosis. However, the clinical relevance of timing of HT initiation for hard end points such as stroke remains to be determined. Further, no previous research has considered the timing of initiation of HT in relation to haemorrhagic stroke ris
How East Germany Fabricated the Myth of HIV Being Man-Made
Despite the fact that the origin of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) being a contamination and a mutation originating from primates is well-documented alternative narratives are often being heard ofespecially in sub-Saharan Africa. One such narrative is about HIV being man-made in a military laboratory in the United States. In this article, it is shown how this narrative was fabricated by the in
Lifetime attributable risk as an alternative to effective dose to describe the risk of cancer for patients in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine
The aim of this study is to implement lifetime attributable risk (LAR) predictions of cancer for patients of various age and gender, undergoing diagnostic investigations or treatments in nuclear medicine and to compare the outcome with a population risk estimate using effective dose and the International Commission on Radiological Protection risk coefficients. The radiation induced risk of cancer
Gene and miRNA expression profiles in PBMCs from patients with severe and mild emphysema and PiZZ alpha I-antitrypsin deficiency
Introduction: COPD has complex etiologies involving both genetic and environmental determinants. Among genetic determinants, the most recognized is a severe PiZZ (Glu342Lys) inherited alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). Nonetheless, AATD patients present a heterogeneous clinical evolution, which has not been completely explained by sociodemographic or clinical factors. Here we performed the gene
PAM50 provides prognostic information when applied to the lymph node metastases of advanced breast cancer patients
Purpose: Transcriptional pathway activity and the molecular subtypes of breast cancer metastases have been shown to significantly influence patient postrelapse survival. Here, we further determine the relevance of clinically employed gene signatures in the advanced breast cancer (ABC) setting. Experimental Design: Sufficient RNA for expression profiling was obtained from distant metastatic or inop
Preoperative Quantitative MR Tractography Compared with Visual Tract Evaluation in Patients with Neuropathologically Confirmed Gliomas Grades II and III : A Prospective Cohort Study
Background and Purpose. Low-grade gliomas show infiltrative growth in white matter tracts. Diffusion tensor tractography can noninvasively assess white matter tracts. The aim was to preoperatively assess tumor growth in white matter tracts using quantitative MR tractography (3T). The hypothesis was that suspected infiltrated tracts would have altered diffusional properties in infiltrated tract seg
Variations in the practice of molecular radiotherapy and implementation of dosimetry : results from a European survey
Background: Currently, the implementation of dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy (MRT) is not well investigated, and in view of the Council Directive (2013/59/Euratom), there is a need to understand the current availability of dosimetry-based MRT in clinical practice and research studies. The aim of this study was to assess the current practice of MRT and dosimetry across European countries. Metho
Heritability of Atrial Fibrillation
Background - Previous reports have implicated multiple genetic loci associated with AF, but the contributions of genome-wide variation to AF susceptibility have not been quantified. Methods and Results - We assessed the contribution of genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism variation to AF risk (single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability, h2 g) using data from 120 286 unrelated individuals of