Purpose of review Breathlessness is a common, distressing and limiting symptom in people with advanced disease, but is challenging to assess as the symptom intensity depends on the level of exertion (symptom stimulus) during the assessment. This review outlines how to use recently developed normative reference equations to evaluate breathlessness responses, accounting for level of exertion, for va

A series of (Z)-4-(3-carbamoylphenylamino)-4-oxobut-2-enyl amides were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit the mono-(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, PARP14 (a.k.a. BAL-2; ARTD-8). Two synthetic routes were established for this series and several compounds were identified as sub-micromolar inhibitors of PARP14, the most potent of which was compound 4t, IC50=160nM. Furthermore, profiling ot

Animal and computational models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) indicate that early amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits drive neurons into a hyperactive regime, and that subsequent tau depositions manifest an opposite, suppressive effect as behavioral deficits emerge. Here we report analogous changes in macroscopic oscillatory neurophysiology in the human brain. We used positron emission tomography and task-free

Herbivores drive shifts in plant species composition by interacting with vegetation through defoliation, trampling and nutrient addition: urine and faeces. As herbivore effects on vegetation accumulate over time, they might spillover to other trophic levels, but how and when this happens is poorly understood. Since it is methodologically demanding to measure biodiversity across spatial gradients,

In the CONVINCE trial, the primary analysis demonstrated a survival benefit for patients receiving high-dose hemodiafiltration (HDF) as compared with high-flux hemodialysis (HD). A secondary objective was to evaluate effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL); assessed in eight domains (physical function, cognitive function, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, pain interference

The α-functionalisation of N-containing compounds is an area of broad interest in synthetic chemistry due to their presence in biologically active substances among others. Visible light-induced generation of nucleophilic α-aminoalkyl radicals as reactive intermediates that can be trapped by electron-deficient alkenes presents an attractive and mild approach to achieve said functionalisation. In th

This thesis aimed to develop and apply methods for evaluating social and motor coordination, domains that often are challenged in individuals with neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders (NDDs), also referred within Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCE). In Study I, we created a new tablet-based motor test that could accurately probe motor c

The addition of environmentally friendly items to conventional items sometimes leads people to believe that the carbon footprint of the entire set decreases rather than increases. This negative footprint illusion is supposedly underpinned by an averaging bias: people base environmental impact estimates not on the total impact of items but on their average. Here, we found that the illusion’s magnit

Characterization of grain boundaries (GBs) typically focuses exclusively on ideal minimum-energy structures,thus offering a limited perspective on the potential structural diversity and related property variations of GBs.In this study, phase field crystal (PFC) simulations are employed to systematically explore alternative GBstates through γ -surface sampling. A large number of tilt and twist GBs

Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is generated when the electron bunch length is in the order of the magnitude of the wavelength of the emitted radiation. The self-interaction of short electron bunches with their own electromagnetic fields changes the longitudinal beam dynamics significantly. Above a certain current threshold, the micro-bunching instability develops, characterized by the appear

The ANKA storage ring of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) operates in the energy range from 0.5 to 2.5 GeV and generates brilliant coherent synchrotron radiation in the THz range with a dedicated bunch length reducing optic. The producing of radiation in the so-called THz-gap is challenging, but this intense THz radiation is very attractive for certain user experiments. The high degree

At ANKA, the Karlsruhe synchrotron radiation source, the so called short bunch-length operation mode allows the reduction of the bunch length down to a few picoseconds. The micro-bunching instability resulting from the high degree of longitudinal compression leads to fluctuations in the emitted intensity in the THz regime, referred to as bursting. For extremely compressed bunches at ANKA bursting

Increasing the share of travelers using public transport is one way to address environmental problems such as carbon dioxide emissions. Senior citizens represent an increasingly important group in this transition, as they are increasingly mobile and make up a large share of the population. In this paper, we investigate senior citizen's mobility decision-making, focusing on public transport. Throug

One risk of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is inadvertent hypothermia (IH), which is defined as a non-therapeutic core temperature decrease below normal. In continuous renal replacement therapy, heat loss will always occur from blood pumped through the dialysis circuit to cooler environment, predisposing for hypothermia. Blood flow and effluent flows are the most important parameters

The existing sanctions-impact literature has documented diversion effects favouring third countries for both merchandise trade and investment, but it has not considered sanctions diverting trade towards the domestic economy in sender and target countries. We contribute by using the Global Sanctions Database (Felbermayr et al. 2020a,b) in a structural gravity framework to provide evidence for domes

Detta examensarbete behandlar effekten av slagg som ersättningsmaterial till Portlandcement och dess påverkan på hållfasthetsutvecklingen, med krav på den tidiga hållfastheten. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka möjligheten att förbättra betong med hänsyn till dess klimatpåverkan genom att ersätta en del av Portlandcement med ett mindre miljöbelastande bindemedel. I den experimentella delenThis thesis addresses the effect of slag as a replacement material for Portland cement and its impact on strength development, with focus on early strength requirements. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of improving concrete in terms of its environmental impact by using more eco-friendly material. In the experimental part of this work, various mixtures with different slag amount

The COVID-19 crisis introduced telecommuting and distance schooling into households all around the world. When national authorities enforced mitigation measures, they not only limited the spread of the disease, but also altered the lifestyle of many people. The joint effect of millions of people adapting to the new reality gave rise to an altered residential energy consumption pattern. Knowledge a

Introduction Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an effective tool in the diagnostic work-up of patients with thyroid nodules. The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of FNAC in thyroid cancer (TC) in Sweden by correlating the findings of preoperative FNAC with those obtained through final histology of the surgical specimen. Methods A Swedish nationwide cohort of patien

In this study, we present the initial results from a long-term initiative to develop a multi-millennial tree-ring width (TRW) chronology for subfossil oak (Quercus spp.) trees in South Scandinavia. We have constructed 40 TRW chronologies, primarily from oak trunks extracted from peatlands, archaeological sites, drainage ditches, and infrastructure projects, as well as some submerged material. The