Reactive settling is the process of sedimentation of small solid particles in a fluid with simultaneous reactions between the components of the solid and liquid phases. This process is important in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) in wastewater treatment plants. In that application the particles are biomass (bacteria; activated sludge) and the liquid contains substrates (nitrogen, phosphorus) to b

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the possible causal associations between education phenotypes and non-fatal suicide attempts. In particular, we evaluated the roles of academic achievement (school grades), cognitive performance (IQ), and educational attainment (education level). Methods: Based on longitudinal Swedish registry data, we included 2,335,763 individuals (48.7% female) w

During migratory endurance flights, which are energetically very demanding, migrants have to deal with prolonged elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To limit the damaging actions that ROS have on lipids and proteins, migrating birds are known to upregulate their antioxidant defence system. However, there may be additional ways to limit oxidative damage incurred from flying. Migra

Aluminum perovskites represent an important group of promising scintillation materials with excellent proportionality and energy resolution, but due to difficulties in crystal growth not much attention has been paid to them. We studied a Ce-doped LaAlO3lanthanum-aluminum perovskite (LaAP) because of its easy crystal growth facilitated by the large La3+cations in the matrix. Moreover, recent observ

In ordinary public rooms absorbent ceilings are normally used. However, reflective material such as diffusers can also be useful to improve the acoustic performance for this type of environment. In this study, different combinations of absorbers and diffusers have been used. The study investigates whether a test group of 29 people perceived sound in an ordinary room differently depending on the ty

People diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) can experience significant neuropsychiatric symptoms, including cognitive impairment and dementia, the neuroanatomical substrates of which are not fully characterised. Symptoms associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in PD may relate to direct structural changes to the corpus callosum via primary white matter pathology or as a secondary outc

In order to satisfy the growing energy needs of our planet’s population, and at the same time mitigate global warming, sustainable energy sources such as solar energy are indispensable. In addition to conventional silicon-based solar cells, nanotechnology offers interesting approaches for complementary applications. Multi-junction solar cells based on III–V semiconductors hold today’s world-record

Gasoline and methanol are highly recommended for low temperature combustion (LTC) engines due to their high research octane number. However, engines fuelled with these fuels suffer from high unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions at low loads, which can be improved by controlling the level of mixture stratification. This paper reports on the experimental and numerical compar

Background: Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is a coronary physiology index used to assess the severity of coronary artery stenosis to guide revascularization. iFR has previously demonstrated noninferior short-term outcome compared to fractional flow reserve (FFR), but data on longer-term outcome have been lacking. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prespecified 5-year

The ~31-km-wide Hiawatha structure, located beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwestern Greenland, has been proposed as an impact structure that may have formed after the Pleistocene inception of the Greenland Ice Sheet. To date the structure, we conducted 40Ar/39Ar analyses on glaciofluvial sand and U-Pb analyses on zircon separated from glaciofluvial pebbles of impact melt rock, all sampled immedia

Ambitiösa ideal om tvärvetenskap är välkänt svåra att omsätta i praktiken, delvis beroende på att de motarbetas av hur många universitet är strukturerade. Detta är ett problem för doktorander i tvärvetenskapliga projekt såväl som för deras handledare. Tvärvetenskapliga doktorander har precis som alla doktorander ett forskningsämne i vilket de förväntas utvecklas till självständiga forskare men ockAmbitious ideals about interdisciplinarity are notoriously difficult to put into practice, partly because they are counteracted by how many universities are organised. This is a problem for doctoral students in interdisciplinary projects as well as for their supervisors. Interdisciplinary doctoral students, like all doctoral students, have a research subject in which they are expected to develop i

One of the key implications of COVID-19 is the adoption of physical distancing provisions to minimise the risk of virus transmission. Physical distancing can have significant consequences on crowd movement both in normal conditions and during emergencies. The impact of physical distancing is discussed in this chapter by first presenting an overview of its implications on crowd dynamics and space u

This paper presents a detailed sedimentologic data set of minor moraines (heights ≤2.0 m, widths ≤14 m, lengths ≤108 m) that formed beginning near the end of the Little Ice Age by Schwarzensteinkees, a valley glacier in Austria. Sorted sediment and stratified diamict dominate five exposures, and compact massive diamict exists in one exposure. This sediment is interpreted as proglacial outwash and

It is commonly accepted that exoplanets with orbital periods shorter than one day, also known as ultra-short-period (USP) planets, formed further out within their natal protoplanetary disks before migrating to their current-day orbits via dynamical interactions. One of the most accepted theories suggests a violent scenario involving high-eccentricity migration followed by tidal circularization. He

En betydande del av Europas byggnadsbestånd behöver renoveras. De vanligaste anledningarna till att man genomför renoveringar är akuta tekniska problem eller en byggnads eller dess komponenters utgående livslängd. Andra vanliga skäl för byggherrar att genomföra renoveringar i sitt byggnadsbestånd är höga kostnader för underhåll och drift samt ett högt energibehov. Dessutom har bygg- och fastighetsA considerable amount of Europe’s building stock needs to be renovated. The most common reasons for carrying out renovations are acute technical issues or the expiring life span of a building or its components. Other common reason for building owners to carry out renovations in their building stock are high costs for maintenance and operation, and a high energy demand. Furthermore, the constructio

A hybrid combining T-matrix method and electric field integral equation is used to formulate fundamental bounds on radiation efficiency of an implanted antenna. Resulting quadratic optimization problem is solved using a dual formulation. The results present the versatility of the described computational scheme and show the optimal current densities that are the least impaired by dissipation in the

This study investigates a missing value imputation approach for longitudinal growth data in pediatric studies from multiple countries. We analyzed a combined cohort from five natural history studies of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the US and EU with longitudinal growth measurements for 23,201 subjects. We developed a multiple imputation methodology using LMS parameters of CDC reference data. We measur

Purpose: Metformin (MF) intake associates with reduced levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). This has been attributed to the activation of AMPK, which differentially regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and trafficking. However, the exact mechanism underlying the LDL-C lowering effect of MF remains ambiguous. Methods: MF-treated