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Above- and belowground insect herbivory modifies the response of a grassland plant community to nitrogen eutrophication

Understanding the role that species interactions play in determining the rate and direction of ecosystem change due to nitrogen (N) eutrophication is important for predicting the consequences of global change. Insects might play a major role in this context. They consume substantial amounts of plant biomass and can alter competitive interactions among plants, indirectly shaping plant community com

Anomalous vibrational dynamics in the Mg2Zn11 phase

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the structure and the lattice dynamics in the complex metallic alloy Mg2Zn 11, by means of neutron and x-ray scattering, as well as ab initio and empirical potential calculations. Mg2Zn11 can be seen as an intermediate step in structural complexity between the simple Laves-phase MgZn2 on one side, and the complex 1/1 approximants and quas

Hysterotomy level at Cesarean section and occurrence of large scar defects : a randomized single-blind trial

Objective: To study the association between the level of Cesarean hysterotomy and the presence of large uterine scar defects 6–9 months after delivery. Methods: This was a two-center, randomized, single-blind trial of a surgical procedure with masked assessment of the principal outcome under study. Women without a history of Cesarean section (CS) who underwent emergency CS at cervical dilatation ≥

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The paper presents the synthesis of a series of studies on support measures for pupils with additional languages in Sweden, with a particular focus on the consequences of language support measures for teaching and learning school mathematics. The analysis identifies several critical aspects in mathematics teaching when the pupils transition from one school system to another, and particularly when

No lunar phobia in insectivorous bats in Kenya

We monitored foraging insectivorous bats along walked transects in forest and farmland at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest in coastal Kenya, using a heterodyne bat detector. The main purpose was to test whether aerial-hawking insectivorous bats that feed in open places (in this case mostly Scotophilus and Scotoecus spp.) show lunar phobia, i.e. restricting their activity on moonlit nights. Such behavior woul

Creative utterances about person-centered care among future health care professionals are related to reward dependence rather than to a creative personality profile

Background: Creativity can be defined as the creation of something that is novel, useful, and valuable for society (i.e., high-level creativity) and/or everyday life. In this context, people have implicit theories of creativity as being either non-malleable (i.e., a fixed creative mindset) or malleable (i.e., a growth creative mindset). Our aim was twofold: (1) to test an improved creative mindset

Identification of sesquisabinene B in carrot (Daucus carota L.) leaves as a compound electrophysiologically active to the carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis Förster)

The Carrot psyllid, Trioza apicalis Förster (Homoptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae) is one of the major insect pests of carrots (Daucus carota L.) in parts of northern and central Europe. Gas chromatography–single-sensillum recording (GC–SSR) previously confirmed several active compounds in a carrot leaf extract, but the most active compound remained unidentified. Mass fragmentation patterns observed

Software Quality Assurance - Concepts and Misconceptions

Software quality engineering is concerned with building software products with required quality and assessing the level of quality. Software processes are important assets in achieving and assessing the software quality. Furthermore the adherence to defined processes is a key issue to having the software engineering under control and to enable process improvement. The software quality assurance (S

Software Reliability Control using Statistical Usage Testing

Software reliability is a frequently used term, but very seldom the reliability is under control, at least not in quantitative terms, during a software development project. This paper outlines a method, Statistical Usage Testing (SUT), which provides the opportunity to estimate and predict, and hence control software reliability. SUT is the reliability certification method described as a part of C

An Experimental Evaluation of Capture-Recapture in Software Inspections

he use of capture‐recapture to estimate the residual faults in a software artifact has evolved as a promising method. However, the assumptions needed to make the estimates are not completely fulfilled in software development, leading to an underestimation of the residual fault content. Therefore, a method employing a filtering technique with an experience factor to improve the estimate of the resi

Bayesian determination of the effect of a deep eutectic solvent on the structure of lipid monolayers

In this work, we present the first example of the self-assembly of phospholipid monolayers at the interface between air and an ionic solvent. Deep eutectic solvents are a novel class of environmentally friendly, non-aqueous, room temperature liquids with tunable properties, that have wide-ranging potential applications and are capable of promoting the self-assembly of surfactant molecules. We use

Collective Responsibility and Acting Together

What is the moral significance of the contrast between acting together and strategic interaction? We argue that while collective moral responsibility is not uniquely tied to the former, the degree to which the participants in a shared intentional wrongdoing are blameworthy is normally higher than when agents bring about the same wrong as a result of strategic interaction. One argument for this cla

The Distribution of Asylum Responsibilities in the EU: Dublin, Partnerships with Third Countries and the Question of Solidarity

Because of the scale of global displacement, in particular from Syria, the European Union has stressed the need to work on an effective asylum and immigration policy through more robust forms of cooperation internally, between Member States, and externally, with third countries. This contribution investigates the extent to which the EU rules for distributing asylum responsibilities genuinely addre

Second-order constraints in dynamic invariant inference

The current generation of dynamic invariant detectors often produce invariants that are inconsistent with program semantics or programmer knowledge. We improve the consistency of dynamically discovered invariants by taking into account higher-level constraints. These constraints encode knowledge about invariants, even when the invariants themselves are unknown. For instance, even though the invari

Opinion Polarity Identification of Movie Reviews

One approach to the assessment of overall opinion polarity (OvOP) of reviews, a concept defined in this paper, is the use of supervised machine learning mechanisms. In this paper, the impact of lexical feature selection and feature generalization, applied to reviews, on the precision of two probabilistic classifiers (Naïve Bayes and Markov Model) with respect to OvOP identification is observed. Fe

Wait a minute? : An observational cohort study comparing iron stores in healthy Swedish infants at 4 months of age after 10-, 60- and 180-second umbilical cord clamping

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable stem cell source used for transplantation. Immediate umbilical cord (UC) clamping is widely practised, but delayed UC clamping is increasingly advocated to reduce possible infant anaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate an intermediate UC clamping time point and to evaluate iron status at the age of 4 months in infants who