It is a well‐known fact in scanning probe microscopy that the tip geometry will be convoluted with the shape of the sample. In this study we report on a clear‐cut in situ direct observation of the real shape of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip using the AFM technique itself, utilizing a specially designed sample. The sample was an array of columns fabricated using aerosol deposition of metal

The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve well

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a transient form of diabetes characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action during pregnancy. Population-based differences in prevalence exist which could be explained by phenotypic and genetic differences. The aim of this study was to examine these differences in pregnant women from Punjab, India and Scandinavia.METHODS: 85 GDM/T2D loci in

Målsättning: Sveriges första sinnessjukstadga utfärdades 1858. Vi ville studera patienter med psykisk sjukdom och den vård de fick vid förra sekelskiftet.Patienter och metod: Patienter med psykisk sjukdom (n=503) som vårdades på Kristianstads lasarett 1896-1905 studerades, för att få en bild av diagnoser/diagnostik, behandling och förlopp. För 92 patienter återfanns även journaler vid Lunds hospit

BACKGROUND: Bacterial surfaces are complex systems, constructed from membranes, peptidoglycan and, importantly, proteins. The proteins play crucial roles as critical regulators of how the bacterium interacts with and survive in its environment. A full catalog of the motifs in protein families and their relative conservation grade is a prerequisite to target the protein-protein interaction that bac

Control of electric fields over large areas is crucial for the accurate delivery and manipulation of biologically important molecules in microfluidic systems. In this paper we present a novel method for generating tunable uniform electric fields over large microfluidic arrays in two dimensions, and its application to a microfabricated device that separates genomic DNA. The device fractionates larg

High resolution 100 kV electron beam lithography in thin layers of the negative resist SU-8 is demonstrated. Sub-30 nm lines with a pitch down to 300 nm are written in 100 nm thick SU-8. Two reactive ion etch processes are developed in order to transfer the SU-8 structures into a silicon substrate, a Soft O-2-Plasma process to remove SU-8 residues on the silicon surface after development and a hig

Activity-based financing (ABF) and global budgeting are two common reimbursement models in hospital care that embody different incentives for cost containment and quality. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe perceptions from the provider perspective about how and why replacing variable ABF by global budgets affects daily operations and provided services. The study setting is a la

Cirka 1000 barn föds med hjärtfel i Sverige varje år och idag överlever de flesta och uppnår vuxen ålder. Det finns uppskattningsvis 2.3 miljoner vuxna med medfött hjärtfel i Europa idag, en siffra som förväntas öka. Samtidigt har prevalensen av patienter med komplexa medfödda hjärtfel också ökat de senaste 10 åren. Det finns således ett behov av att öka kunskapen om patofysiologin vid dessa sjukdAround 1000 children are born with a heart disease in Sweden every year and today most of these children survive and reach adult age. There are around 2.3 million grownups with congenital heart disease in Europe today, a number that is expected to continue to increase. Further, the prevalence of patients with complex malformations has been growing significantly the last 10 years. There is thus a n

Aims: The nuclear proliferation marker Ki67 assayed by immunohistochemistry has multiple potential uses in breast cancer, but an unacceptable level of interlaboratory variability has hampered its clinical utility. The International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group has undertaken a systematic programme to determine whether Ki67 measurement can be analytically validated and standardised among lab