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Progression of Self-Assembly of Amelogenin Protein Supramolecular Structures in Simulated Enamel Fluid

Mechanisms of protein-guided mineralization in enamel, leading to organized fibrillar apatite nanocrystals, remain elusive. In vitro studies reveal recombinant human amelogenin (rH174), a matrix protein templating this process, self-assembles into a variety of structures. This study endeavors to clarify the self-assembly of rH174 in physiologically relevant conditions. Self-assembly in simulated e

Sexual dimorphism in transmission of expression of islet autoantibodies to offspring

To help elucidate the mode of inheritance of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we measured GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) autoantibodies (GAD65Ab), insulin autoantibodies (IAA), and cytoplasmic islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) in 292 sequentially screened non-diabetic offspring of patients with IDDM. The prevalence of these islet autoantibodies was higher in offspring of diabetic fathe

Repeated sex chromosome evolution in vertebrates supported by expanded avian sex chromosomes

Sex chromosomes have evolved from the same autosomes multiple times across vertebrates, suggesting that selection for recombination suppression has acted repeatedly and independently on certain genetic backgrounds. Here, we perform comparative genomics of a bird clade (larks and their sister lineage; Alaudidae and Panuridae) where multiple autosome-sex chromosome fusions appear to have formed expa

Copeptin relates to a fatty liver and measures of obesity in a South African population with mixed ethnicities

Purpose: Elevated copeptin, a vasopressin marker, is linked to metabolic disease, and obese rats with low-vasopressin concentration had a decreased risk of liver steatosis. We here investigated the association between copeptin and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and possible differences in copeptin concentration between ethnicities. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 361 South Afri

Two-photon-excited fluorescence of CO : Experiments and modeling

A model based on rate-equation analysis has been developed for simulation of two-photon-excited laser-induced fluorescence of carbon monoxide (CO) in the Hopfield-Birge band at 230 nm. The model has been compared with experimental fluorescence profiles measured along focused beams provided by lasers emitting nano-, pico-, and femtosecond pulses. Good quantitative agreement was obtained between sim

HLA-DQ primarily confers protection and HLA-DR susceptibility in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes studied in population-based affected families and controls

The association between HLA-DR and -DQ and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in a defined high-incidence area was analyzed in a total of 58 population-based patients, representing 77% of IDDM patients with age at onset below 16 years, and in 92 unrelated parents in control families without IDDM. HLA haplotypes were confirmed by analyzing first-degree relatives in both groups. Seven differ

Risk prediction of future cardiac arrest by evaluation of a genetic risk score alone and in combination with traditional risk factors

Objectives: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death globally, commonly through sudden cardiac death. Cardiac arrest of cardiac origin (CA) is associated with a poor prognosis and there is a great need for risk assessment and intensified preventive actions. In this study we aim to assess if a genetic risk score for CHD, composed of 50 common CHD susceptibility variants (GRS), predi

Carbon use efficiency of mycorrhizal fungal mycelium increases during the growing season but decreases with forest age across a Pinus sylvestris chronosequence

In boreal forest soils, mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi is pivotal for regulating soil carbon (C) cycling and storage. The carbon use efficiency (CUE), a key parameter in C cycling models, can inform on the partitioning of C between microbial biomass, and potential soil storage, and respiration. Here, we test the dependency of mycorrhizal mycelial CUE on stand age and seasonality in managed boreal f

Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of extracellular matrix proteins in Alzheimer's disease

Background: Brevican, neurocan, tenascin-C, and tenascin-R are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that are mainly expressed in the brain. They play important roles in proliferation and migration of neurons and other cell types in the brain. These ECM proteins may also be involved in various pathologies, including reactive gliosis. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate if ECM protein

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-isobutyl-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol, CAS registry number 63500-71-0

2-Isobutyl-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol) was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that 2-isobutyl-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol is not genotoxic, does not have skin sensitization potential, and provided an MOE >100 for the repeated dose,

Functional state of the β cell affects expression of both forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is a candidate target autoantigen involved in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The functional state of the B cells has been suggested to play a pathogenic role in IDDM by altering β-cell autoantigen expression. In this study, we investigated expression of GAD-65 and GAD-67 in isolated Sprague-Dawley rat islets cultured at different g

Securing human rights through risk-management methods : Breakthrough or misalignment?

This is a study of three authoritative instruments that promote a common idea: economic activities and development should be conducted with respect for human rights. The World Bank Framework, the International Financial Corporation Performance Standards and the UN Guiding Principles on business and human rights are examined to get clarity on how human rights risk management differs from more conve

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Artikeln presenterar resultat från ett forskningsprojekt som studerade postmoderna, multikulturella och självbiografiska drag hos den spanske författaren Juan Goytisolo. Det visade sig att de personliga övertygelserna genomsyrade alla delar av författarens verk, men dessutom visade det sig att detsamma gällde ett antal kritiker, översättare och forskare som valt att skriva om författaren.

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect in adults : time-course of atrial and ventricular remodeling and effects on exercise capacity

Investigate ventricular and atrial remodeling following atrial septal defect (ASD) closure and examine if pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (QP/QS) and right ventricular (RV) volume predict improvement, determined as percentage of predicted oxygen uptake (VO2%). Long-term cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data on atrial and ventricular remodeling after ASD-closure is limited and treatment eff