The control-rod elements in a boiling-water reactor contain natural boron carbide (B4C) powder, used as neutron-absorber material and clad in stainless-steel blades. During in-reactor service, the internal production of helium gas and point defects in neutron-irradiated boron carbide cause swelling which can induce significant contact stresses in the blade causing, eventually, stress-corrosion cra

BACKGROUND: Many individuals with late effects of polio have difficulties participating in daily activities. The Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL-I) is a self-report questionnaire that evaluates perceived participation, but knowledge of the test-retest reliability and measurement errors in this population is lacking.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of the RNL-I in adults

The motion of pre-existing edge dislocations in an infinite linear elastic body is studied at initiation of crack growth and at quasi-static steady-state crack growth. Dislocation nucleation is assumed not to occur. Thus, the study concerns only dislocations that are present in the virgin material. A dislocation is assumed to glide if its driving force exceeds a critical value. Changes in dislocat

Small ligaments connecting the crack surfaces just behind the moving crack front are assumed to exist during fast cleavage crack growth. The production and conduction of heat during the process of tearing these ligaments are studied. The straining is computed by assuming an elastic visco-plastic material model. The produced heat during plastic work is calculated. Heat conduction is considered. TheSmall ligaments connecting the crack surfaces just behind the moving crack front are assumed to exist during fast cleavage crack growth. The production and conduction of heat during the process of tearing these ligaments are studied. The straining is computed by assuming an elastic visco-plastic material model. The produced heat during plastic work is calculated. Heat conduction is considered. The

Self-similar situations are idealized states often referred to in continuum mechanics. Such a situation is generally expected when the formulated problem only involves one significant length parameter. The state at a stationary or at a steadily moving concentrated load may be self-similar. In heat conductivity, the progressive phase transformation near a point-shaped heat source results in a self-Self‐similar situations are idealized states often referred to in continuum mechanics. Such a situation is generally expected when the formulated problem only involves one significant length parameter. The state at a stationary or at a steadily moving concentrated load may be self‐similar. In heat conductivity, the progressive phase transformation near a point‐shaped heat source results in a self‐

A crack perpendicular to, and initially with the tip on, a bimaterial interface is studied. An asymptotic analysis is performed and crack growth proceeds straight ahead at constant remote load. Mode I conditions and plane strain are assumed. The materials on both sides of the interface are elastic perfectly‐plastic with different elastic properties and the same yield stress. A finite element analy

The Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) started operation in January 2016 in the context of severe criticism from the U.S. government and transnational civil society organizations, but with the support from major Asian and European states. The establishment of this new global governance institution (GGI) raises intriguing questions concerning legitimacy and (de)legitimation. Wh

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) regulates one-carbon transfer reactions that are essential for amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, and uses pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor. Apo SHMT2 exists as a dimer with unknown functions, whereas PLP binding stabilizes the active tetrameric state. SHMT2 also promotes inflammatory cytokine signalling by interacting with the deubiquitylatin

Human plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) is a distinct extracellular selenoenzyme that detoxifies hydroperoxides when used with GSH in high (mM) non-physiological concentrations. We have discovered that NADPH and human thioredoxin reductase (TR) by itself or with thioredoxin (Trx) are efficient electron donors to this human plasma peroxidase. Incubation of 0.05 microM TR with 0.25 microM GSH-P

Formeringen av den tidiga finska arbetarrörelsen med fokus på Helsingfors

The evolution of helping behaviour in species that breed cooperatively in family groups is typically attributed to kin selection alone. However, in many species, helpers go on to inherit breeding positions in their natal groups, but the extent to which this contributes to selection for helping is unclear as the future reproductive success of helpers is often unknown. To quantify the role of future