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Learning to predict dangerous outcomes is important to survival. In humans, this kind of learning is often transmitted through the observation of others' emotional responses. We analyzed eye movements during an observational/vicarious fear learning procedure, in which healthy participants (N=33) watched another individual ('learning model') receiving aversive treatment (shocks) paired with a predi
Obesity is increasing worldwide and is associated with increased risk of developing metabolic diseases. One of the factors that have been demonstrated to influence the regulation of appetite and food intake is the different sex hormones, one of these being progesterone that in humans increase food intake (Hirschberg, 2012). In this issue of Acta Physiologica, Holmberg and colleagues present their
In September 2012, Arctic sea-ice extent plummeted to a new record low: two times lower than the 1979-2000 average. Often, record lows in sea-ice cover are hailed as an example of climate change impacts in the Arctic. Less apparent, however, are the implications of reduced sea-ice cover in the Arctic Ocean for marine-atmosphere CO2 exchange. Sea-ice decline has been connected to increasing air tem
This study aimed to evaluate changes in mental health over 2 years in adolescents undergoing gastric bypass.
We investigate the interaction of light and gas in strongly scattering nano- and macroporous media. Manufacturing and structural characterization of ZrO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 ceramics with different pore sizes, measurements of optical properties using photon time-of-flight spectroscopy, and high-resolution laser spectroscopy of O-2 at 760 nm are reported. We show that extreme light scattering can be ut
Male patients with terminal renal failure are often infertile and exhibit an abnormal sex hormone pattern in plasma. We studied patients in all chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages to determine plasma levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a Sertoli cell-derived marker, and other sex hormones. Seventy-eight male patients with CKD stages 1-5 and a median age of 40 years (22-50 years), as well as 20
The aim of this article is to show that ideas pertaining to sacred sexuality or sacred marriage are as old as Sumerian culture. While mainstream Christianity developed an alternate view on sexuality, the Jewish Kabbalah transmitted similar ideas. In Asia, sacred sexuality has been an integrated dimension of Hinduism and Buddhism. All these spiritual traditions camte together in 18th century London
Organic acids, central to terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric photochemistry, are ubiquitous in the troposphere in the gas, particle, and aqueous phases. As the dominant organic acids in the atmosphere, formic acid (FA, HCOOH) and acetic acid (AA, CH3COOH) control precipitation acidity in remote regions and may represent a critical link between the terrestrial carbon and water cycles by
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) the first year after heart transplantation (HT) and its impact on survival was investigated. All 215 HT-patients at our centre 1988-2010, including 219 HTs and 2990 1(st) -year endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs), were studied. "Routine"-EMBs obtained 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 40 and 52 weeks after HT, and "additional clinically indicated" (ACI) EMBs, were
Evolution of lignocellulose decomposition was one of the most ecologically important innovations in fungi. White rot fungi in the Agaricomycetes (mushrooms and relatives) are the most effective microorganisms in degrading both cellulose and lignin components of woody plant cell walls (PCW). However, the precise evolutionary origins of lignocellulose decomposition are poorly understood, largely bec
Objective To study the influence of antiinflammatory treatments, including methotrexate (MTX) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, on antibody response following vaccination using a 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in adult patients with established arthritis. Methods. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondylarthropathy (SpA) (including psoriatic arthritis) were vaccinated
Because of the complicated running condition and many unpredicted factors such as unmodelled dynamics and external disturbances, the fault analysis of the high-speed motorized spindle is proved difficult. In this paper, a novel experimental method is proposed to research the vibration characteristics of the running high-speed motorized spindle. The method consists of four steps. Firstly, the vibra
Nogo-A is a transmembrane protein originally discovered in myelin, produced by postnatal central nervous system (CNS) oligodendrocytes. Nogo-A induces growth cone collapse and inhibition of axonal growth in the injured adult CNS. In the intact CNS, Nogo-A functions as a negative regulator of growth and plasticity. Nogo-A is also expressed by certain neurons. Neuronal Nogo-A depresses long-term pot
Despite 3 decades of basic and clinical studies, there is still no dopaminergic cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. Several arguments have been put forward why this approach, so far tested with transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic dopamine-rich tissue, will never be of clinical use and should be abandoned: (1) Lack of efficacy in 2 sham surgery-controlled trials; (2) occurrence of troubl
Novel glycosides of piceid (3,4'-5-trihydroxy stilbene 3-O-beta-D-glucoside) were produced by the transglycosylation reactions of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Bacillus macerans, with piceid (PicG(1)) and maltodextrin as the acceptor and donor substrates, respectively. The reactions were performed at 40 degrees C with 2.56 mM piceid (0.1% w/v) and maltodextrin (5% w/v) in 0.02 M ci
To evaluate the presence of multilayered epithelium (ME) and to compare the distribution, size and morphology of the oesophageal submucosal glands (SMG) beneath reflux exposed metaplastic columnar mucosa with those of normal squamous epithelium in patients with columnar lined oesophagus (CLO).
This study estimates health utilities (HU) in Sweden for a range of type 2 diabetes-related complications using EQ-5D and two alternative tariffs (UK and Swedish) from 1757 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). Ordinary least squares were used for statistical analysis. Lower HU was found for female gender, younger age at diagnosis, higher BMI, and history
