As a candidate for membership of the European Union (EU), Turkey has to harmonize its existing legislation with the EU requirements for gender equality in employment. Also the amended Turkish Constitution states that where a conflict between ratified international treaties and domestic law exists, international treaties shall prevail. These treaties are binding upon the legislative, executive, and

PurposeDuring the last ten years, the International Labour Organisation (ILO), and some other international organizations, have increasingly addressed human trafficking from a “forced labour” perspective. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the terminology in relation to human trafficking and forced labour, to highlight the links between them, and to provide a critique of the ILO approach. It

PurposeThe International Labour Organisation (ILO) adopted a new Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (No. 182) in 1999. The aim of this paper is to analyse the United Nations (UN), ILO, Council of Europe (COE) instruments related to child exploitation and discuss whether child pornography and prostitution are economic cr

Turkey has recently been undergoing a period in which the laws have been changing rapidly to adapt legislation to European Union (EU) directives and International Labour Organization (ILO) standards. In this respect, the Employment Act, No. 4857/2003, attempted to introduce provisions parallel to EU regulations on the protection of employees who are pregnant, have just given birth or are breastfee

Under the previous Employment Act No. 1475 employers had the right to dismiss any employee as they saw fit and there was no reinstatement for unfair or unjustified dismissal. However in the context of the national policy of harmonization with the European Union, the Turkish government introduced a new Act on job security (No. 4773). Then a new Employment Act (No. 4857), which included job security

The first part of the article is an outline of the nature of sexual harassment, its extent and the growing awareness of it. The second part considers why there was a need for a community initiative and looks at the extent of sexual harassment in the Member States, the consequences of sexual harassment, legal remedies and the impact it has on the community's principles, including health and safety

BACKGROUND: Potassium supplementation reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality and stroke in population studies; however, the prognostic impact of mild hypokalemia in the general population has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to investigate associations between mild hypokalemia and endpoints in the general population.METHODS: participants (48-76 year old) from the general population

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low serum potassium is associated with stroke in populations with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus but has not been studied in a mainly healthy population. We aimed to study the relation between serum potassium and incident stroke and mortality in the Malmö Preventive Project, a large cohort with screening in early mid-life and follow-up >25 years