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Insulin release in response to dextran-linked p-chloromercuribenzoic acid was studied in microdissected pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob-mice. No contamination of the dextran-linked mercurial with free chloromercuribenzoic acid was detected before or after the incubation with islets. In comparison with free mercurial, of the same thiol-blocking activity, the dextran-linked compound had a weak

The thiol activity of pancreatic islets was spectrophotometrically assayed as the formation of 6-mercaptonicotinic acid from the organic disulfide, 6, 6’-dithiodinicotinic acid. Islets containing more than 90% β-cells were microdissected from non-inbred oblob-mice. Comparisons of intact with homogenized islets indicated that the organic disulfide penetrates relatively slowly into the β-cells. When

The effect of insulin secretagogues on the incorporation of [32P]ortho-phosphate into phospholipids was studied in microdissected islets from obese-hyperglycemic mice. Increased 32P-labelling was observed after incubation for 60 min with 10 mM l-leucine, 10 mM l-arginine or 20 mM d-glucose. Most of the label occurred in the phosphatidyl inositol fraction. The effect of l-leucine was additive to th

The insulin-releasing activities of cyclic and non-cyclic nucleotides were studied with isolated pancreatic islets from obese-hyperglycemic mice. Substitution of cylidine, inosine, guanosine, or uridine for the adenosine moeity of cyclic 3ʹ,5ʹ-adenosine monophosphate was associated with a total loss of insulin-releasing ability. The 5ʹ-nucleotide triphosphate derivatives of these nucleotides were

The insulin-releasing ability of some neutral and di-basic amino acids was studied in an in vitro system using micro-dissected pancreatic islets with a high proportion of insulin-producing β-cells. The neutral amino acids l-alanine and α-aminoisobutyric acid had no substantial effects on basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release. In contrast, 5–20 mm of the dibasic amino acid l-arginine gradual

The ability of leucine to stimulate insulin release was studied in an in vitro system, using microdissected pancreatic islets with a high proportion of the insulin-producing β-cells. When tested in a glucose-free medium, l-leucine stimulated insulin release over a wide concentration range with maximum effect at about 20 mm. The stimulation of insulin release was additive to that elicited by 10 mm

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a cardinal sign of cardiovascular (CV) autonomic dysfunction as a result of autonomic nervous system failure to control the postural hemodynamic homeostasis. The proportion of individuals with OH increases with aging and chronic conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, renal dysfunction, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

Introduction: The objective was to create a clinically useful prediction model for vaginal birth in trial of labor after one cesarean section, appropriate for a third trimester consultation. Material and methods: Women with one cesarean section and at least one following delivery (N = 38 686) in the Swedish Medical Birth Register, 1998-2013, were studied. The women were randomly divided into one d

Geosmin is one of the most recognizable and common microbial smells on the planet. Some insects, like mosquitoes, require microbial-rich environments for their progeny, whereas for other insects such microbes may prove dangerous. In the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, geosmin is decoded in a remarkably precise fashion and induces aversion, presumably signaling the presence of harmful microbes

OBJECTIVE: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken to determine the effect of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on closed incisions after inguinal vascular surgery regarding surgical site infections (SSIs) and other wound complications. BACKGROUND: SSIs are a major concern in open vascular procedures involving the inguinal region. Prophylactic NPWT on closed incisions has shown pro

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether sevoflurane provides better haemodynamic stability than propofol in acute right ventricular (RV) ischaemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Open-chest pigs (mean ± standard deviation, 68.8 ± 4.2 kg) anaesthetized with sevoflurane (n = 6) or propofol (n = 6) underwent 60 min of RV free wall ischaemia and 150 min of reperfusion. Haemodynamic parameters and blood flow in the 3 majo

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into many different cell types of the central nervous system. One challenge when using pluripotent stem cells is to develop robust and efficient differentiation protocols that result in homogenous cultures of the desired cell type. Here, we have utilized the SMAD-inhibitors SB431542 and Noggin in a

Background: Neonatal caffeine treatment might affect brain development. Long-term studies show conflicting results on brain-related outcomes. Herein we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of neonatal caffeine administration in a rabbit model of preterm birth. Methods: Preterm (born day 29) and term (day 32) pups were raised by wet nurses and allocated to treatment with saline or caffeine fo

Hybrid-processes combining pervaporation with a conventional separation process to recover organic compounds from waste water has been critically reviewed. Previous research which focused primarily on hydrophobic pervaporation combined with either adsorption, liquid-liquid phase separation, or reverse osmosis showed that these processes offered significant advantages over the exclusive use of just

Cryptosystems based on Learning with Errors or related problems are central topics in recent cryptographic research. One main witness to this is the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization effort. Many submitted proposals rely on problems related to Learning with Errors. Such schemes often include the possibility of decryption errors with some very small probability. Some of them have a som

Current antipsychotic drugs are notably ineffective at addressing the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. N-Desmethylclozapine (NDMC), the major metabolite of clozapine, displays muscarinic M1 receptor (M1) agonism, an activity associated with improvement in cognitive functioning. Preclinical and clinical data support that M1 agonism may be a desired activity in antipsychotic drugs.

Promoting fathers' parental leave has recently become of major policy interest in many welfare states. The Korean Government also introduced paid parental leave for working fathers in 2001 and has increasingly strengthened such incentive schemes. However, despite its rapid advancement, fathers' utilisation of parental leave is increasing slowly and most fathers still opt out of their responsibilit

The market for membrane technology in the food and beverage industries increased during the last two decades to a market volume of about € 150 million and is now the second biggest industrial market for membranes after municipal water treatment in Europe. The aim of this study is to highlight new application concepts for membrane processes either by replacing conventional separation processes or b