The success of an evidence-based intervention depends on precise and accurate evaluation of available data and information. Here, the use of robust methods for evidence evaluation is important. Epidemiology, in its conventional form, relies on statistics and mathematics to draw inferences on disease dynamics in affected populations. Interestingly, most of the data used tend to have spatial aspects

The hallmark of sex chromosome evolution is the progressive suppression of recombination which leads to subsequent degeneration of the non-recombining chromosome. In birds, species belonging to the two major clades, Palaeognathae (including tinamous and flightless ratites) and Neognathae (all remaining birds), show distinctive patterns of sex chromosome degeneration. Birds are female heterogametic

Interesting optical properties are obtained if highly ordered interfaces and thin films of large organic molecules are prepared on an atomically flat and clean substrate. Then the optical spectra are very different from those of conventional films and reveal a variety of finestructures. On the basis of one example, quaterthiophene on Ag(111), it is demonstrated that long-range ordered monolayers w

A monolayer of N2O/Ni(111), a submonolayer species, and a monolayer of N2O/Ni\(111\)+O p[2×2] were studied using near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. From the polarization dependence we derive bent N2O molecules for the monolayer species whereas the two other species remain linear upon adsorption. Using the Xα-scattered-wave method the polarization dependence of the three π* res

The modeling of seasonally frozen soils is significant for understanding the hydrological process in cold regions. The water and heat transports of two seasonally frozen sites in northern China were simulated with the process-oriented CoupModel, and a more efficient Monte Carlo based method was employed to identify the uncertainties in multi-site calibration. Results showed that water and heat mea

Freely grazing horses are at risk of infection by parasites such as Parascaris equorum (roundworm), Strongylus spp. (large bloodworms), Cyathostomes (small bloodworms), and Anoplochephala perfoliata (tapeworms). Mixed infections are common and diagnosis is based on demonstrations of eggs in feces followed by identification of larvae after fecal culture. Drug resistance is a growing problem, not le

The characterization of exoplanets and their birth protoplanetary disks has enormously advanced in the last decade. Benefitting from that, our global understanding of the planet formation processes has been substantially improved. In this review, we first summarize the cutting-edge states of the exoplanet and disk observations. We further present a comprehensive panoptic view of modern core accret

The Analog to Digital (A/D) Converters (ADC) are vital components in high-performance radio devices. In the receiver end, the signal received by the analog front-end can not be directly analyzed by the digital core, thus requiring high-performance ADC circuits acting as bridges connecting the analog and digital domain. These circuits are integrated into Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMO

BACKGROUND: Heavy drinking (HD) and binge drinking (BD) exhibit marked differences in their relationships with contextual-level factors imbedded in geographical areas of residence. The objective is to identify sociodemographic factors, both at the individual and at the contextual level, associated with these 2 main hazardous consumption patterns.METHODS: Cross-sectional study using data from the 2

Beam line optics for synchrotron facilities are generally designed from geometric calculations wherein the bending magnet, undulator, or wiggler photon source is approximated by a high divergence point source. In this article we will, however, show that in the case of a synchrotron radiation source with very small divergence (such a source can be encountered at an undulator based third generation

Thin films (less than 40 Å) of quaterthiophene (4T) were vapour deposited onto a Ag(111) surface under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and were investigated concerning their geometrical structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and optical spectroscopy, respectively. Two different structural phases (α and β) were observed, which exhibit high structural order,

Ultrathin layers of 2,5-dimethyl-N,N′-dicyanoquinonediimine (DMe-DCNQI) have been grown on a Ag (111) surface by vapour deposition in ultrahigh vacuum. The films have been characterized by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Thermal desorption measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study orientation, lateral order, interface bon

Rapporten analyserar inkomstskillnader mellan land och stad för perioden 1990-2017. Vi börjar med att rangordna hela Sverige utifrån en land-stad dimension. Rangordningen delar in befolkningen i olika grupper där befolkningen i de mest glesa områdena i Sverige och befolkningen i de mest urbana områdena utgör ytterligheterna. Med hjälp av rangordningen undersöker vi sedan inkomster i de olika grupp