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During the 21st century, public diplomacy and branding received a new angle and application closely related with the meaning of securitization. Even though the importance of this meaning, researchers nowadays notice a research gap considering the three above-mentioned fields. NATO, as a popular security brand, represents an under-researched sui generis organization that gets involved with securiti

In this thesis we consider different tests for unit roots in the presence of structural change. We present the theory that lies behind unit roots, what we mean by structural change and try to detect the instances that “breaks” occur in the data. When performing a unit root test, when there is a structural change the results are biased toward accepting a unit root. Therefore, special care must be t

This study explores the contexts in which the conflict evolved and how history was perceived, narrated and used by institutions, communities and individuals who sought to influence public opinion and policymakers. The theoretical point of departure is the concept of collective memory, defined as the totality of discourses through which a society makes sense of itself, the present and the future th

K¨anslighetsanalys av barri¨aroptioner med algoritmisk derivering F¨or att f˚a ut optionspris och derivator p˚a priset med avseende p˚a tex r¨anta och volatilitet, utf¨ors vanligtvis ett antal simuleringar varp˚a ett medelv¨arde r¨aknas ut. D¨arefter r¨aknas derivatorna ut med en finit differensmetod. F¨or att erh˚alla tillf¨orlitliga resultat med denna metod kr¨avs ett stort antal simuleringar viAutomatic Differentiation (AD) is an effective method for calculation of derivatives. It can evaluate an unlimited number of derivatives to a fixed cost relative to the computing time of the original function. The AD technique is used in many fields for large and complex calculations in order to get accurate values of derivatives fast. Banks and other financial institutions handle calculations of

The universalistic understanding of the subject embedded in the Liberal and Marxist traditions together with contrasting accounts of unconstrained agency fail to explain the contingencies of ground responses that call for social change. The paper makes a case for the opening of the understanding of the human subject when placed in the theoretical terrain of radical political philosophy elaborated

Ground deformation monitoring is one of the main geoindicators that should be considered to assess volcanic hazard. Satellite earth observation data and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry have been used continuously since 1992 to measure or study the temporal evolution of surface deformation in volcanic areas in conjunction with ground-based geodetic measurements. Such methods were app

Användandet av fjärranalysdata är en viktig metod för att bestämma markanvändning och visa på förändringar i marktäcke. Fjärranalys kan ge en bättre utgångspunkt för övervakning av markytstäcke. Det gör det möjligt att geografiskt lokalisera förändrade markområden för att vidare kunna utföra noggrannare undersökningar om miljöförändringar (t.ex. markdegradering). Studieområdet är ett administrativThe use of remotely sensed data is an important method to indicate land use and land cover changes. Remote sensing can provide a better picture of monitoring land use and land cover changes. It makes it feasible to locate geographically changed areas in order to employ it further detailed studies on environmental changes (e.g. land degradation). The study area is a heterogeneous and small-structur

The main purpose of this research is to contribute to sustainable waste management in remote areas of the European Union (EU) by specifically employing the concept of ‘waste hierarchy’ as a mean to reach this goal. The last three decades see the EU waste management approach evolve from pollution control (disposal/end-of-pipe) toward more strategic approach focusing on waste prevention and recyclin

Over the last decade, the unprecedented influx of refugees and migrants into the European Union has posed a significant challenge to Europe, with solidarity being contested at two fronts: first, the question of solidarity with refugees in terms of meeting adequate measures of protection and satisfying their elementary needs; and second, the question of solidarity within the European Union in terms

Cognitive linguistic and semiotic accounts of metaphors have often discussed the complex phenomenon of metaphor in various ways, often addressing factors such as universality and conventionality, context-sensitivity, cross-cultural variation and creativity, deliberateness and “multimodality”. However, in most cases, such factors are investigated in isolation (cf. Gibbs 2017). Therefore, we propose