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The World Bank Group (WB) has often faced critique due to their inconsistency in keeping to their stated humanitarian or environmental goals in their efforts to promote economic development and the world-economy. Their practices are known and their stated goals. That leaves the question: What are their actual goals? In a time of increased mineral extraction due to the energy transition, facing the
This thesis explores how the Swedish system of regulated prostitution and the Inspection Bureau (Besiktningsbyrån) were legitimized during the late 19th century, with a focus on the 1880s. Using David Beetham’s theory of legitimacy - which includes legality, normative justification, and consent - the study conducts a qualitative content analysis of historical texts that defended the Bureau’s role
Why do some states shame norm-violating states when others remain silent? Inter-state “naming and shaming” is typically viewed as a political tool and a calculated act to shame rivals and highlight allies. In this study I investigate why countries shame conflict related sexual violence in the Universal Periodic Review, based on domestic factors. This study explicitly seeks to answer the following
This thesis is a study into how discourses of environmental justice are created in campaigns in a contemporary movement. Using the case of the Norwegian environmental and climate organisation Natur og Ungdom, and more specifically their campaign against illegally set wind turbines on Fosen, Norway, where Sámi reindeer herding has been practices for generations. As a theoretical framework Schlosbe
Uppsatsens huvudfrågeställning lyder som följer: hur har Socialdemokraternas välfärdspolitik förändrats mellan åren 1975 och 2025? Denna bryts sedan ner i två delfrågor som etablerar eventuella skillnader i meningsskapande inom ramen för kollektivt välbefinnande respektive makt-relaterade begrepp. Det i syfte att identifiera och analysera skillnader och likheter mellan årtalen. För att komma åt de
The recent years spread of misinformation and the rise of post-truth politics have challenged the role of public service media in democratic societies. This thesis explores how the Nordic public service broadcasters – SVT, NRK, DR, RÚV and Yle – position themselves in relation to disinformation, misinformation, and post-truth. Through a qualitative, thematic analysis of their annual reports from 2
Within the scientific community, research increasingly states that the forest is an important factor in the climate crisis. However, since the forest is an asset that is utilized for various purposes (economic, ecological and recreation), it has sparked debate about how the forest should be valued and used. Therefore the debate has divided into a predominantly economic as well as an environmental
Trafficking in human beings (THB) is internationally recognized as a security threat and one of the most severe violations of the individual’s right to freedom. The European Union (EU) has adopted this definition and acknowledges the need for transnational coordination. In 2011, the EU introduced Directive 2011/36/EU, committing Member States to a common legal framework against human trafficking.
This paper analyses how international status aspiration influences the foreign policy decisions of two emerging powers, India and Brazil. Drawing on status theory, specifically social identity theory, the research examines how the two countries pursue similar global and regional recognition goals despite significantly different geopolitical environments, histories, and populations. Further, they a
Eating and drinking evoke complex sensory experiences and articulating them through language is often challenging. Differences between laypeople and sensory experts may offer valuable insights into how gustatory experiences are communicated. This is important because describing flavor in clear and shared terms is essential when experts and non-experts need to understand each other, whether in food
This paper aims to examine the values and interests that Swedish export control expresses. Two research questions form the basis of the paper: (1) What importance is given to a country's respect for human rights when making decisions about Swedish arms exports? and (2) What alternative values and interests are expressed in Swedish export control? A multi-methodological approach is used, consis
This study explores how young people's presence on social media can increase their risk of being recruited into criminal networks. It focuses on digital vulnerability, the normalization of crime, and challenges in preventive efforts. The research is based on semi-structured interviews with professionals from the police, social services, and civil society. It also includes an analysis of two ke
This thesis explores why Western intelligence systematically misjudged regime fragility in Afghanistan and Iraq during the War on Terror. It argues that the key failures arose not from missing information but from deeply embedded Weberian assumptions about statehood, which framed these regimes as coherent, institutional, and sovereign despite their fragmented and externally supported realities. Em
With the increasing complexity and scale of modern software systems, ensuring software security is more critical than ever. As projects grow, so does the likelihood of vulnerabilities being introduced. Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tools assist developers in identifying such vulnerabilities during development. In this study, five Java SAST tools (Bearer, CodeQL, Horusec, Semgrep and S
Psykiatrisk tvångsvård är ett omdiskuterat ämne i samhällsdebatten. Tvångsvården innebär ett frihetsberövande och ett ingripande i individens integritet. Tvångsvård ska som utgångspunkt bara användas när andra hjälpformer inte står till buds och det är då samhällets ansvar att hjälpa den svårt utsatta människan. Förutsättningarna för tvångsvård framgår av 3 § LPT och samtliga tre rekvisit måste vaInvoluntary psychiatric care is a frequently discussed topic in the Swedish public debate. Involuntary psychiatric care entails a deprivation of liberty for the individual, as well as an intrusion into the individual's personal integrity. Involuntary psychiatric care should, as a rule, only be used when voluntary care is out of the question. It such cases, society bears a responsibility to hel
Samvetsfriheten är en mänsklig rättighet som bland annat skyddas under artikel 9 i Europakonventionen. På senaste tiden har denna rättighet uppmärksammats i samband med att en barnmorska nekats anställning vid flera kvinnokliniker uteslutande för att hon, på grund av sitt samvete, inte kunde medverka vid abort. I samband med att införandet av aktiv dödshjälp har börjat diskuteras i Sverige är det Freedom of conscience is a fundamental human right, protected by Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). In recent years, this right has attracted attention in Sweden, particularly in a case where a midwife was denied employment at several women’s clinics solely because she, for reasons of conscience, would not participate in abortion procedures. As the introduction of assiste
Accurately predicting rooftop photovoltaic (PV) electricity output is crucial for sustainable urban energy planning, yet current workflows that rely on 3D city models in CityGML Level of Detail 2 (LOD2) tend to inflate roof areas and, consequently, PV potential. This study develops and evaluates a proof-of-concept framework that integrates detailed Building Information Modelling (BIM) data in Ind
Försiktighetsregeln enligt 17 kap. 3 § aktiebolagslagen (2005:551) tillämpas vid värdeöverföringar från aktiebolag. Regeln ställer upp en begränsning för när en värdeöverföring får genomföras. Den måste vara försvarlig. Försvarlighetsbedömningen utgår från bolagets ekonomiska ställning. Försiktighetsregeln har varit omdiskuterad inom juridisk litteratur utifrån dess syften, praktiska tillämpning oThe precautionary rule according to Chapter 17, Section 3 of the Swedish Companies Act (2005:551) is applied to value transfers from limited companies. The rule sets a limit for when a value transfer may be carried out. It must be justifiable. The assessment of justifiability is based on the company's financial position. The rule has been debated within legal doctrine based on its purposes, pr
This master’s thesis maps and compares local literary networks within UNESCO’s Cities of Literature, with the aim of understanding how such networks are structured, what their functions are and how they are controlled and developed. Drawing on concepts from social network analysis and Bourdieu’s theories of social fields, capital and habitus, the study combines quantitative and qualitative methods
I samband med 2022 års arbetsrättsliga reform genomfördes omfattande förändringar i LAS, främst genom att det tidigare rekvisitet ”saklig grund” ersattes av ”sakliga skäl” i 7 § 1 st. Syftet har varit lagstiftarens ambition att uppnå en ökad förutsebarhet i uppsägningssituationer för såväl arbetsgivare som arbetstagare. Vidare har 2 c § LAS införts, varigenom 7 § 1 st. blev semidispositivt genom eAs a result of the 2022 labour law reform, multiple changes were implemented in the Swedish Employment Protection Act. The changes included, among others, the introduction of the requirement of “objective grounds” for employment termination, in section 7 paragraph 1 of the Employment Act. By doing this, the legislator aimed to increase predictability in situations of termination for both employers
