A crepuscular or nocturnal lifestyle has evolved in bees several times independently, probably to explore rewarding pollen sources without competition and to minimize predation and nest parasites. Despite these obvious advantages, only few bee species are nocturnal. Here we show that the sensitivity of the bee apposition eye is a major factor limiting the ability to forage in dim light. We present

Food selectivity and grazing impact by Acartia bifilosa, Temora longicornis and Centropages typicus on Dinophysis spp. plankton assemblages were experimentally investigated in the Baltic Sea. Toxin analyses were carried out on phyto- and zooplankton-dominated size fractions from field-collected samples to assess if toxins produced by Dinophysis spp. would end up in the zooplankton. All copepod spe

The variability between repetitive pyrolysis—chromatograms of the same type of samples is not totally random, but can in part be modelled by a principal components (PC) model. This makes it possible to use efficiently repetitive pyrolysis-chromatograms of samples of known types to obtain separate PC models for each type. Samples of unknown origin can then be classified according to which of the PC

Twenty-six years ago it was found that the common soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is capable of extraordinary feats of interkingdom genetic transfer. Since this discovery, A. tumefaciens has served as a model system for the study of type IV bacterial secretory systems, horizontal gene transfer and bacterial-plant signal exchange. It has also been modified for controlled genetic transforma

We reported seven compounds isolated from mycelial cultures of Chilean Basidiomycetes. The compound structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Two polyacetylenes were isolated from Gymnopilus spectabilis: hepta-4,6-diyn-3-ol (1) and 7-chloro-hepta-4,6-diyn-3 ol (2). We isolated the aromatic compounds p-anisaldehyde (3) and 3-chloro-p-anisaldehyde (4) from Hypholoma capnoides. H. fascicul

An integrated stratigraphic, paleoecological, and geochronological study of lake and fen sediments just beyond the terminus of Berendon Glacier provides insights into late Holocene climate, vegetation, and glacier change in the northern Coast Mountains of British Columbia. Cores collected from two small lakes in the foreland of Berendon Glacier and pits dug in a nearby fen record Little lee Age an

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) can be categorized as storage, voiding, and postmicturition symptoms. Although often associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), they may also occur in women. This observation, the beneficial effects of a-adrenoceptor (AR) antagonists in men with BPH and LUTS, and the frail correlation between LUTS, and prostatic enlargement and/or outflow obstruction ha

Abstract in Uncoded languages Praegune kaitsejalatsite testimise standard (EN 344) kontrollib soojapidavuslikke omadusi vaid jalatsi ühes punktis, mõõtes temperatuuri muutust. Meetod, mis kasutab termilist jala mudelit, võimaldab mõõta jalatsi soojaisolatsiooni üheaegselt erinevates piirkondades ning ühtlasi ka jalatsi kui terviku soojaisolatsiooni. Selle uurimuse käigus arendati termilise jala mePresent standard on safety footwear (EN 344) checks the insulation only at one point in the shoes by means of measuring the temperature change. A method that uses thermal foot model allows to measure footwear insulation simultaneously at various locations and for whole footwear as well. In the present work the method of heated foot model was developed further. It is possible to simulate sweating a

The nucleus Lu-163 has been populated through the reaction La-139(Si-29,5n) with a beam energy of 157 MeV. Three triaxial, strongly deformed (TSD) bands have been observed with very similar rotational properties. The first excited TSD band has earlier been assigned as a one-phonon wobbling excitation built on the lowest-lying (yrast) TSD band. The large B(E2)(out)/B(E2)(in) value obtainable for on

Objectives: To examine the risk of developing adrenal carcinomas and clinically overt hypersecreting tumours during short-term follow-up in patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Design: 229 (98 males and 131 females) patients with adrenal incidentalomas were investigated in a prospective follow-up study (median time 25 months; range 3-108 months). The patients were registered between January 1996

A series of heterogeneous latexes having stage ratios of 40:60 between the first and second stage polymers were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The first-stage polymers were non-polar S-BuA with Tgs ranging from + 100 °C to + 20 °C and the second stage polymer was polar MMA–BuA–MAA having a Tg of 20 °C. The latex particle morphologies were studied using TEM and the thermomechanical properties

Caesiated InAs(111)B (1 x 1) and InAs(111)A (2 x 2) surfaces have been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. On the InAs(111)B a new (root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees reconstruction was observed. During Cs evaporation remarkably small changes are observed in the lone pair states, and no sign of an accumulation layer at the surface can be observed. Instead, the additional charge provided by Cs is rapid

There has been little interest in the longitudinal movement of the arterial wall. It has been assumed that this movement is negligible compared with the diameter change. Using a new high-resolution noninvasive ultrasonic method, we measured longitudinal movements and diameter change of the common carotid artery of 10 healthy humans. During the cardiac cycle, a distinct bidirectional longitudinal m

In insects, repeated mating by females may have direct effects on female fecundity, fertility, and longevity. In addition, a female's remating rate affects her fitness through mortality costs of male harassment and ecological risks of mating such as predation. We analyse a model where these female fitness factors are put into their life-history context, and traded against each other, while account

Two collections of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, having open reading frames (ORFs) either overexpressed or deleted, were screened to identify cytosolic NADPH-dependent reductases involved in stereo-selective reductions of specific carbonyl compounds. As model compounds diacetyl (diketone) and ethyl acetoacetate (3-oxo ester) were used. The reductases encoded by YBR149w, YDR368w, YMR226c and YO

Coherent light sources have been widely used in control schemes that exploit quantum interference effects to direct the outcome of photochemical processes. The adaptive shaping of laser pulses is a particularly powerful tool in this context: experimental output as feedback in an iterative learning loop refines the applied laser field to render it best suited to constraints set by the experimenter.