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Functional assessment of the pharynx at rest and during swallowing in partially paralyzed humans: simultaneous videomanometry and mechanomyography of awake human volunteers

BACKGROUND: Functional characteristics of the pharynx and upper esophagus, including aspiration episodes, were investigated in 14 awake volunteers during various levels of partial neuromuscular block. Pharyngeal function was evaluated using videoradiography and computerized pharyngeal manometry during contrast bolus swallowing. METHODS: Measurements of pharyngeal constrictor muscle function (contr

Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial

Purpose: To determine progression factors at the end of the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) based on all EMGT patients and evaluate separately patients with higher and lower baseline intraocular pressure (IOP; median split). Design: Cohort of clinical trial participants. Participants: Patients with early open-angle glaucoma randomized to argon laser trabeculoplasty plus betaxolol (n = 129) or

Bladder activation: afferent mechanisms.

The major function of the lower urinary tract is to store and periodically evacuate urine from the bladder. This requires coordination of the smooth muscles of the bladder and urethra, and of the striated muscles of the outflow region and pelvic floor by a complex neural control system. Lumbosacral afferent fibers (pelvic afferents), but also afferents in the hypogastric and pudendal nerves, are o

Improved light extraction from emitters in high refractive index materials using solid immersion lenses

Solid immersion lenses (SILs) are optically transparent, truncated spheres, brought in contact with a sample to be imaged. The combination of a conventional optical microscope and a SIL results in a highly effective numerical aperture of the imaging system that can improve the resolution. In addition, when imaging high refractive index samples, such as semiconductors, the light collection efficien

Impact of temperature on growth and metabolic efficiency of Penicillium roqueforti - Correlations between produced heat, ergosterol content and biomass

The influence of temperature on the growth of the mould Penicillium roqueforti growing on malt extract agar was studied by correlating the produced heat (measured by isothermal calorimetry), ergosterol content (quantified by GC-MS/MS) and biomass of the mould at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. The results were analysed with a simple metabolic model from which the metabolic efficiency was calculated. The

Early highly aggressive MS successfully treated by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background During the last 15 years, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has globally been performed for severe multiple sclerosis (MS). Most patients have been in progressive phase with long disease duration. As a rule, treatment effect has been minor or moderate. Patients Since 2004, we have performed HSCT in nine young patients with "malignant"

Analysis of the rat Iddm14 diabetes susceptibility locus in multiple rat strains: identification of a susceptibility haplotype in the Tcrb-V locus

Iddm14 (formerly Iddm4) is a non-MHC-linked genetic locus associated with autoimmune diabetes. Its effects have been well-documented in BB-derived rats in which diabetes is either induced by immunologic perturbation or occurs spontaneously. The role of Iddm14 in non-BB rat strains is unknown. Our goal was to extend the analysis of Iddm14 in new diabetes-susceptible strains and to identify candidat

Frequency dependence of speckle in continuous-wave ultrasound with implications for blood perfusion measurements.

Speckle in continuous wave (CW) Doppler has previously been found to cause large variations in detected Doppler power in blood perfusion measurements, where a large number of blood vessels are present in the sample volume. This artifact can be suppressed by using a number of simultaneously transmitted frequencies and averaging the detected signals. To optimize the strategy, statistical properties

An evaluation of document prefetching in a distributed digital library

Latency is a fundamental problem for all distributed systems including digital libraries. To reduce user perceived delays both caching-keeping accessed objects for future use-and prefetching-transferring objects ahead of access time-can be used. In a previous paper we have reported that caching is not worthwhile for digital libraries due to low re-access frequencies. In this paper we evaluate our

Genetic testing for maturity onset diabetes of the young: uptake, attitudes and comparison with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

Aims/hypothesis: Mutations in hepatic nuclear factor 1alpha cause a monogenic form of diabetes, maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3). Our aim was 1) to assess the uptake of genetic testing for MODY3 and to determine factors affecting it, and ( 2) to compare attitudes to predictive genetic testing between families with MODY3 and a previously studied group at risk of hereditary nonpol

Microdialysis clean-up and sampling in enzyme-based methods for the characterisation of starch

Microdialysis was used for sampling enzyme hydrolysis products of starch hydrolysed with beta -amylase, pullulanase, and/or isoamylase, to obtain information about the molecular structure of starch. Starches from waxy, normal, and high amylose maize, and from normal and genetically modified potato (amylose deficient) were used, and also commercial potato amyloses. The hydrolysis products were anal

Thymidine kinases in archaea

Twenty-six fully sequenced archaeal genomes were searched for genes coding for putative deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNKs). We identified only 5 human-like thymidine kinase 1 genes (TK1s) and none for non-TK1 kinases. Four TK1s were identified in the Euryarchaea and one was found in the Crenarchaea, while none was found in Nanoarchaeum. The identified TK1s have high identity to Gram-positive bacte

Biodiversity, disturbances, ecosystem function and management of European forests

We review the effects of human impact on biodiversity of European forests in the light of recent views on disturbances and succession in ecosystems, and discuss recent ideas on how biodiversity affects ecosystem functions such as productivity and ecosystem stability. With this as a background we discuss how to better manage European forests for both production and biodiversity. We argue that the n

Gender differences and determinants of aerobic fitness in children aged 8-11 years.

Previous studies of gender differences in maximum oxygen uptake have come to different conclusions. Limited data exists where the determinants of maximum oxygen uptake have been evaluated in a comprehensive manner. Thus, we examined 248 children (140 boys and 108 girls), aged 7.9-11.1 years. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, measured variables were total body fat

Population size and genetic diversity in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) and adders (Vipera berus)

Because low genetic diversity may threaten the viability of isolated populations, conservation biologists have devoted much effort to quantify genetic variation. Two techniques routinely used involve levels of mini- and microsatellite polymorphism, with the assumption that levels of variation at these parts of the genome will be reflected in levels of variation at other loci. Our data challenge th

Human blastocysts for the development of embryonic stem cells

Establishment of human embryonic stem cells (hES) from surplus human IVF embryos has been successful when both fresh and frozen-thawed cleavage stage embryos have been cultured to the blastocyst stage. This study reports the characteristics of the starting material, the blastocysts, for hES cell lines that were first derived at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 1999.

Glacial survival or late glacial colonization? Phylogeography of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus) in north-west Norway

Aim It has been proposed that the root vole subspecies, Microtus oeconomus finmarchicus, survived the last glacial period on islands on the north-west coast of Norway. The Norwegian island of Andoya may have constituted the only site with permanent ice-free conditions. Geological surveys and fossil finds from Andoya demonstrate that survival throughout the last glacial maximum was probably possibl