Editorial Material

The endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria requires substantial modification. The three identifiable ancestral sources to the proteome of mitochondria are proteins descended from the ancestral alpha -proteobacteria symbiont, proteins with no homology to bacterial orthologs, and diverse proteins with bacterial affinities not derived from alpha -proteobacteria. Random mutations in the f

We present a convergence analysis for exponential splitting methods applied to linear evolution equations. Our main result states that the classical order of the splitting method is retained in a setting of unbounded operators, without requiring any additional order condition. This is achieved by basing the analysis on the abstract framework of (semi)groups. The convergence analysis also includes

Li Z, Alam S, Wang J, Sandstrom CS, Janciauskiene S, Mahadeva R. Oxidized alpha(1)-antitrypsin stimulates the release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 from lung epithelial cells: potential role in emphysema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 297: L388-L400, 2009. First published June 12, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajplung.90373.2008.-alpha(1)-Antitrypsin ( AT) is a major elastase inhibitor within the lun

Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of mortality in women. Women have also been identified as late presenters in seeking medical care. Aim The aim of this study was to explore and describe women's symptoms and the reasons for delay in seeking medical care at the time of the first myocardial infarction (MI). Methods The study had an explorative and descriptive design based o

The middle Holocene Hekla-S/Kebister tephra originates in the Hekla volcanic system on SW Iceland. The distal distribution of the tephra includes the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Central Sweden, indicating a main dispersal towards the east. The chemical composition of the tephra follows the pattern of other major eruptions of Hekla, and ratios between selected oxides may in some cases allow separat

The glycosylation status of IgG has been implicated in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis. Earlier, we reported the identification of a novel secreted endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EndoS), secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes that specifically hydrolyzes the beta-1,4-di-N-acetylchitobiose core of the asparagine-linked glycan of human IgG. Here, we analyzed the arthritogenicity of EndoS-treat

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We examined prospectively the association between weight change during adulthood and breast cancer risk, using data on 1358 incident cases that developed during 5.8 years of follow-up among 40 429 premenopausal and 57 923 postmenopausal women from six European countries, taking part in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study. Multivariate Cox regression models were u

Seven Wenlock bentonite beds from four drill cores in Lithuania with sufficient thickness for sampling were analysed by XRD and XRF. The sanidine composition of bentonites combined with graptolite biozonation of the host rock were used for correlations. Two of the studied bentonite samples at the antennularius/flexilis biozone boundary can be confidently correlated between two Lithuanian sections.

Survivors of poliomyelitis often develop increased or new symptoms decades after the acute infection, a condition known as post-polio syndrome (PPS). The condition affects 20-60% of previous polio patients, making it one of the most common causes of neurological deficits worldwide. The underlying pathogenesis is not fully understood and accurate diagnosis is not feasible. Herein we investigated wh

Parkinsons sjukdom (PD) är den näst vanligast förekommande åldersrelaterade neurodegenerativa sjukdomen efter Alzheimers. De främsta symptomen på PD är typiska rörelsesvårigheter, vilka beror på förlust av dopamin i hjärnregionen striatum. Ett annat viktigt särdrag är ansamlingar av proteinet alpha-synuclein i många nervceller inom flera hjärnområden. Den effektivaste behandlingen mot Parkinson-syParkinson´s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of nigral dopamine (DA) neurons that project their axons to the striatum. Striatal DA depletion causes the typical motor symptoms of PD. Another key feature of PD are intracellular protein inclusions containing alpha-synuclein within affected brain regions. L-DOPA is the most effective treatment for the s

The use of diode lasers for spatially resolved temperature imaging is demonstrated in low-pressure premixed methane–air flames using two-line atomic fluorescence of seeded indium atoms. This work features the advantages of using compact diode lasers as the excitation sources with the benefits of two-dimensional planar imaging, which is normally only performed with high-power pulsed lasers. A versa

We report on a study of the spatial profile of proton beams produced through target normal sheath acceleration using flat target foils and changing the laser intensity distribution on the target front surface. This is done by either defocusing a single laser pulse or by using a split-pulse setup and irradiating the target with two identical laser pulses with variable spatial separation. The result

Conclusion: The data indicate important roles for phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, 4, 5, and related cAMP and cGMP pools in the regulation of inner ear fluid homeostasis. Thus, dysfunction of these enzymes might contribute to pathologies of the inner ear. Objective: The mechanisms underlying endolymphatic hydrops, a hallmark of inner ear dysfunction, are not known in detail; however, altered balance in