Plants have a variety of ways to defend themselves against pathogens. A commonly used model of the plant immune system is divided into a general response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and a specific response triggered by effectors. The first type of response is known as PAMP triggered immunity (PTI), and the second is known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). To ob

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. The expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat of the encoded protein leads to protein misfolding and aggregation, resulting in increased neuronal cell death. DNAJ co-chaperones play a crucial role in transferring misfolded/unfolded proteins to HSP70 chaperones, which play an essential role for protein folding. Here, we

A substantial portion of grassland photosynthates is allocated belowground to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but controversy remains about whether this carbon (C) contributes to soil organic carbon (SOC) under warming. The goal of this study was to investigate how AMF biomass and C sequestered by AMF (CNew) are influenced by soil warming. We estimated the AMF biomass and CNew, assumed to be m

When saline water is used to irrigate crops in arid environments, appropriate irrigation management should be applied to avoid negatively impacting soil characteristics. In this study, the effects of irrigating date palms with saline water (2.24 g l−1) on soil physicochemical characteristics such as the electrical conductivity (ECe), the pH of the saturated soil paste (pHe), the concentrations of

3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-PGDH) deficiency is considered to be a rare cause of congenital microcephaly, infantile onset of intractable seizures and severe psychomotor retardation. Here, we report for the first time a very mild form of genetically confirmed 3-PGDH deficiency in two siblings with juvenile onset of absence seizures and mild developmental delay. Amino acid analysis showed se

The National Fire Protection Association has recognized fast-response sprinkler technology, developed and promulgated by Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC, now FM Global), with its 2019 Phillip J. DiNenno Prize. This technology was the result of three innovative efforts that produced Response-Time Index (RTI), quick-response (QR) residential sprinklers, and the Early Suppression, Fast Resp

In particle accelerator facilities, single-phase niobium is used in superconducting accelerator components. Machining induced surface quality of such components is strongly connected to the functionality of accelerators. In this study, tool wear development and its influence on the surface quality of Nb workpiece have been investigated in longitudinal turning. Uncoated cemented carbide cutting tooIn particle accelerator facilities, single-phase niobium is used in superconducting accelerator components. Machining induced surface quality of such components is strongly connected to the functionality of accelerators. In this study, tool wear development and its influence on the surface quality of Nb workpiece have been investigated in longitudinal turning. Uncoated cemented carbide cutting too

The choice of coordinate system to calculate eddy covariance fluxes becomes particularly relevant at complex measurement sites. The traditional way is to perform double rotation (DR) of the coordinate system i.e., to calculate turbulent fluxes in a coordinate system that is aligned with the flow streamlines within the flux averaging period (e.g., Kaimal and Finnigan, 1994). The second approach, th

In this study, we aim to investigate the possibility that the construction of the Isahaya Sea-Dyke significantly causes anoxic water development in the bottom layer in the Ariake Sea, Japan. We numerically compared the vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water column between two cases with the dyke and without it. As a result of this research, the followings are clarified: 1) DO

Bioengineered polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) spheres assembled in engineered bacteria are showing promising potential in protein immobilization for high-value applications. Here, we have designed innovative streamlined approaches to add functional proteins from complex mixtures (e.g., without prior purification) to bioengineered PHA spheres directly harnessing the specificity of the SpyTag/SpyCatcher

Objective: Recent studies show that violence is difficult to accomplish and only occurs under particular situational circumstances—but does this also apply to protests in authoritarian regimes? This article investigates the microdynamics of violence during the antiregime protests in Tunisia, Syria, and Bahrain. Method: The argument is based on visual data analysis of video footage of violent and n

The ever increasing number of connected devices has lead to a metoric rise in the amount data to be processed. This has caused computation to be moved to the edge of the cloud increasing the importance of efficiency in the whole of cloud. The use of this fog computing for time-critical control applications is on the rise and requires robust guarantees on transmission times of the packets in the ne

European rivers experience increased loading of total organic carbon (TOC) from terrestrial sources due to factors involving changes in land use, climate and soil acidity. However, little is known about how increased TOC is linked to changes in the bioreactivity of organic matter in these rivers on a continental scale. We compiled paired measurements of TOC and biological oxygen demand in 5‐day 20

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the nature and dynamics of the interaction between university spin-offs (USOs) and academia. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical framework is grounded in an interactive view based on the industrial marketing and purchasing literature on USOs and their development. The concepts of activity links, resource ties and actor bonds are used as a starting p

The dog rhinarium (naked and often moist skin on the nose-tip) is prominent and richly innervated, suggesting a sensory function. Compared to nose-tips of herbivorous artio- and perissodactyla, carnivoran rhinaria are considerably colder. We hypothesized that this coldness makes the dog rhinarium particularly sensitive to radiating heat. We trained three dogs to distinguish between two distant obj

BACKGROUND: Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) of the appendix is a rare disease. Treatment options vary according to disease staging. Cytoreductive surgery in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC) may improve survival in patients with peritoneal spreading.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the prognosis of patients with appendiceal GCC treated per protocol

BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands, surgery for peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer (PMCRC) is centralised, whereas PMCRC is diagnosed in all hospitals. This study assessed whether hospital of diagnosis affects treatment selection and overall survival (OS).METHODS: Between 2005 and 2015, all patients with synchronous PMCRC without systemic metastases were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Re

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of the implementation of novel systemic regimens and locoregional treatment modalities on survival at population level in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients presenting with peritoneal metastases (PMs).METHODS: All consecutive CRC patients with synchronous PM (

PURPOSE: To confirm the findings from uncontrolled studies that aggressive cytoreduction in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is superior to standard treatment in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer origin.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between February 1998 and August 2001, 105 patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard treatment co