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The Gaia -ESO survey : Placing constraints on the origin of r -process elements

Context. A renewed interest in the origin of r-process elements has been stimulated by the multi-messenger observation of the gravitational event GW170817, with the detection of both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves corresponding to the merger of two neutron stars. Such a phenomenon has been proposed as one of the main sources of the r-process. However, the origin of the r-process ele

Effect of gas temperature on composition concentration measurements by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is widely applied to the quantitative measurement of gas composition concentrations. However, studies on the effect of gas temperature on LIBS are still lacking. Here, we investigated the effect of gas temperature on LIBS in terms of composition measurements in an air flow field. The air flow field was heated using a resistance wire to different gas temp

Business model patterns in the 3D food printing industry

Purpose: Present for more than 20 years, 3D food printing (3DFP) technology has not experienced the same widespread adoption as its non-food counterparts. It is believed that relevant business models are crucial for its expansion. The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant prototypical business models and patterns in the 3DFP industry. The knowledge gained could be used to provide direc

Visual detection threshold in the echolocating Daubenton’s bat (Myotis daubentonii)

All bats possess eyes that are of adaptive value. Echolocating bats have retinae dominated by rod photoreceptors and use dim light vision for navigation, and in rare cases for hunting. However, the visual detection threshold of insectivorous echolocating bats remains unknown. Here, we determined this threshold for the vespertilionid bat Myotis daubentonii. We show that for a green luminous target,

Language Used at Home and Educational–Occupational Mismatch of Migrants by Gender

The ability of migrants to use the host country's language is crucial to their integration. Nonetheless, the association between migrant literacy and their labor market outcome is less explored compared to the association between their educational attainment and their economic integration. Moreover, this ability has another vital role in immigrant assimilation, serving as an indicator of cultural

Termite-inspired metamaterials for flow-active building envelopes

In this article we investigate the performative potential of reticulated tunnel networks to act as drivers for selective airflows in building envelopes and thereby facilitate semi-passive climate regulation. We explore whether such transient flow can be used to create functionally graded metamaterials in bio-inspired, additively fabricated buildings. The tunnel networks are modelled on the egress

Relapse Prevention Therapy for Problem Gaming or Internet Gaming Disorder in Swedish Child and Youth Psychiatric Clinics : Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Although gaming is a common arena where children socialize, an increasing number of children are exhibiting signs of problem gaming or internet gaming disorder. An important factor to the development of problem gaming is parent-child relationships. A cognitive behavioral therapy–based form of treatment, labeled relapse prevention, has been developed as a treatment for child and adolesc

Prevalence and factors associated with tuberculosis among the mining communities in Mererani, Tanzania

Tuberculosis (TB) is among diseases of global health importance with Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) accounting for 25% of the global TB burden. TB prevalence among miners in SSA is estimated at 3,000-7,000/100,000, which is about 3 to 10-times higher than in the general population. The study's objective was to determine the prevalence of TB and associated risk factors among mining communities in Mereran

Efficient heat dissipation perovskite lasers using a high-thermal-conductivity diamond substrate

Efficient heat dissipation that can minimize temperature increases in device is critical in realizing electrical injection lasers. High-thermal-conductivity diamonds are promising for overcoming heat dissipation limitations for perovskite lasers. In this study, we demonstrate a perovskite nanoplatelet laser on a diamond substrate that can efficiently dissipate heat generated during optical pumping

Does Collaboration between General Practitioners and Pharmacists Improve Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To assess whether inter-professional, bidirectional collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists has an impact on improving cardiovascular risk outcomes among patients in the primary care setting. It also aimed to understand the different types of collaborative care models used. Study design: Systematic review and Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects meta-anal

Surfactant-Free Colloidal Syntheses of Gold-Based Nanomaterials in Alkaline Water and Mono-alcohol Mixtures

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and gold-based nanomaterials combine unique properties relevant for medicine, imaging, optics, sensing, catalysis, and energy conversion. While the Turkevich-Frens and Brust-Schiffrin methods remain the state-of-the-art colloidal syntheses of Au NPs, there is a need for more sustainable and tractable synthetic strategies leading to new model systems. In particular, stab

Bariatric surgery, osteoarthritis and arthroplasty of the hip and knee in Swedish Obese Subjects – up to 31 years follow-up of a controlled intervention study

Objective: To study the long-term effect of obesity and bariatric surgery on incidences of osteoarthritis and arthroplasty of hip and knee. Design: Hazard ratios (HR) and incidence rates (IR) of osteoarthritis and arthroplasty of hip and knee were studied in the prospective, controlled, non-randomized Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study (bariatric surgery group, n = 2007; matched controls given usu

Ergo, SMIRK is safe : a safety case for a machine learning component in a pedestrian automatic emergency brake system

Integration of machine learning (ML) components in critical applications introduces novel challenges for software certification and verification. New safety standards and technical guidelines are under development to support the safety of ML-based systems, e.g., ISO 21448 SOTIF for the automotive domain and the Assurance of Machine Learning for use in Autonomous Systems (AMLAS) framework. SOTIF an

Identifying blood biomarkers for type 2 diabetes subtyping : a report from the ORIGIN trial

Aims/hypothesis: Individuals with diabetes can be clustered into five subtypes using up to six routinely measured clinical variables. We hypothesised that circulating protein levels might be used to distinguish between these subtypes. We recently used five of these six variables to categorise 7017 participants from the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial into the

Effect of alkalinity on the diffusion of solvent-fractionated lignin through cellulose membranes

Mass transport of liberated lignin fragments from pits and fiber walls into black liquor is considered a determining step in the delignification process. However, our current understanding of the diffusion of lignin through cellulose and the influential parameter on this process is very limited. A comprehensive and detailed study of lignin mass transport through cellulosic materials is, therefore,

Partially calibrated semi-generalized pose from hybrid point correspondences

We study the problem of estimating the semi-generalized pose of a partially calibrated camera, i.e., the pose of a perspective camera with unknown focal length w.r.t. a generalized camera, from a hybrid set of 2D-2D and 2D-3D point correspondences. We study all possible camera configurations within the generalized camera system. To derive practical solvers to previously unsolved challenging config

The 2020/2021 Tokyo Olympics : Does Japan get the gold medal or the wooden spoon?

The Tokyo 2020/2021 Olympics will go down in history as the 'Pandemic Games'. Postponed by a year due to Covid-19, they were eventually held despite broad public protest and amidst the Delta variant wave. Japan brought home a record haul of medals, yet Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide resigned in ignominy shortly after the Games ended. So, was Tokyo 2020/2021 a 'success' or a 'failure', and for whom?

Co-design Process of a Digital Return-to-Work Solution for People with Common Mental Disorders : Stakeholder Perception Study

Background: Service users and other stakeholders have had few opportunities to influence the design of their mental health and return-to-work services. Likewise, digital solutions often fail to align with stakeholders’ needs and preferences, negatively impacting their utility. mWorks is a co-design initiative to create a digital return-to-work solution for persons with common mental disorders that

The metabolic profile of waist to hip ratio–A multi-cohort study

Background The genetic background of general obesity and fat distribution is different, pointing to separate underlying physiology. Here, we searched for metabolites and lipoprotein particles associated with fat distribution, measured as waist/hip ratio adjusted for fat mass (WHRadjfatmass), and general adiposity measured as percentage fat mass. Method The sex-stratified association of 791 metabol