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The evolution of helping behaviour in species that breed cooperatively in family groups is typically attributed to kin selection alone. However, in many species, helpers go on to inherit breeding positions in their natal groups, but the extent to which this contributes to selection for helping is unclear as the future reproductive success of helpers is often unknown. To quantify the role of future

Diskussion om händelserna i Ådalen 1931

BACKGROUND: Owing to the large variation in treatment response among patients with high-risk prostate cancer, it would be of value to use objective tools to monitor the status of bone metastases during clinical trials. Automated Bone Scan Index (aBSI) based on artificial intelligence has been proposed as an imaging biomarker for the quantification of skeletal metastases from bone scintigraphy.OBJE

BACKGROUND: The adoption of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has increased rapidly, despite lack of conclusive evidence of its superiority regarding long-term outcomes over open retropubic RP (RRP). In 2015, we reported on 12-mo follow-up from the LAPPRO trial showing a moderate advantage of RALP regarding erectile dysfunction. No significant differences were seen for urina

BACKGROUND: Apalutamide is an inhibitor of the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor. Whether the addition of apalutamide to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) would prolong radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival as compared with placebo plus ADT among patients with metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer has not been determined.METHODS: In this double-blind,

Small ligaments connecting the fracture surfaces just behind a moving crack front are assumed to exist under certain conditions. The ligaments are rapidly torn as the crack advances. Inelastic straining of such ligaments influences the energy balance in the fracture process. The rapid tearing of a single ligament is studied both numerically and experimentally. An elastic visco-plastic material mod

Structure-borne vibration and low-frequency re-radiated noise from internal and external sources cause annoyance for inhabitants in dwellings. A key parameter in the prediction of vibration and noise levels is the modal parameters of the floors in a building, since vibration and sound levels increase when natural frequencies of the floor coincide with the excitation frequencies of a source, e.g. m

Solutions for propagating mode III cracks in elastic perfectly-plastic solids are obtained as the limit solutions for infinitesimal crack tip speed and infinitesimal linear strain-hardening. The solution for a perfectly plastic material by Chitaley and McClintock (1971, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 19, 147) is not obtained. A point above or below the crack plane will experience first a centred-fan slip l

A class of plane stress problems for incompressible materials is studied. The class concerns problems for unidirectionally reinforced thin sheets under quasi-static loading conditions. An incremental theory of plasticity and an isotropic yield condition is assumed. It is demonstrated how a corresponding antiplane strain problem can be identified, Thus solutions are readily found to a variety of prA class of plane stress problems for incompressible materials is studied. The class concerns problems for unidirectionally reinforced thin sheets under quasi-static loading conditions.

Domain swapping is observed for many proteins with flexible conformations. This phenomenon is often associated with the development of conformational diseases. Importantly, domain swapping has been observed for human cystatin C (HCC), a protein capable of forming amyloid deposits in brain arteries. In this study, the ability of short exposure to high-intensity X-ray radiation to induce domain swap