The advent of high-throughput single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia has revealed different phenotypes that are inherently associated with disease conditions. A common feature of some of these activated phenotypes is the upregulation of galectin-3. Representative examples of these phenotypes include disease-associated microglia (DAM) and white-associated microglia (WAM), whose role(s) in

Biological scaffold is a popular choice for the preparation of tissue-engineered organs and has the potential to address donor shortages in clinics. However, biological scaffolds prepared by physical or chemical agents cause damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM) by potentially inducing immune responses after implantation. The current study explores the fate of the decellularized (DC) scaffolds

Objective To determine if patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease characterised by elevated type I interferons reminiscent of anti-viral immunity, have expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) proviruses capable of producing envelope (Env) protein, as well as associated autoantibodies against the Env protein. Methods ELISAs were conducted with recombinant Env protei

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in people 60 y old or older. This white paper summarizes the current standards of AD diagnosis, treatment, care, and prevention. Cerebrospinal fluid and PET measures of cerebral amyloidosis and tauopathy allow the diagnosis of AD even before dementia (prodromal stage) and provide endpoints for treatments aimed at slowing the AD course.

Aim: This post hoc analysis evaluated efficacy and safety of dronedarone in atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) patients with/without diabetes. Methods: Patients were categorized according to baseline diabetes status. Time-to-event analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard-ratios were assessed using Cox models. Results: 945/4628 (dronedarone = 482; placebo = 463) pati

OBJECTIVES: This research evaluates whether environmental exposures (pesticides and smoke) influence respiratory and allergic outcomes in women living in a tropical, agricultural environment. METHODS: We used data from 266 mothers from the Infants' Environmental Health cohort study in Costa Rica. We evaluated environmental exposures in women by measuring seven pesticide and two polycyclic aromatic

The origins of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are still debated. Some of the leading scenarios involve a double detonation in double white dwarf (WD) systems. In these scenarios, helium shell detonation occurs on top of a carbon-oxygen (CO) WD, which then drives the detonation of the CO core, producing an SN Ia. Extensive studies have been done on the possibility of a double helium detonation, follow

Two massive precipitation events of polymetallic ore deposits, encrusted by a mixture of authigenic carbonates, are documented from the Cambrian of the semi-enclosed Baltoscandian Basin. δ34S (‒9.33 to ‒2.08‰) and δ33S (‒4.75 to ‒1.06‰) values from the basal sulphide breccias, sourced from contemporaneous Pb–Zn–Fe-bearing vein stockworks, reflect sulphide derived from both microbial and abiotic su

Ready-to-eat (RTE) leafy greens are popular products that unfortunately have been associated with numerous foodborne illness outbreaks. Since the influence of consumer practices is essential for their quality and safety, the objective of this study was to analyze the microbiota of RTE products throughout shelf life during simulated household conditions. Products from different companies were analy

BackgroundThere is a large unused potential for risk reduction in the preoperative period via effective lifestyle intervention targeting co-existing risky lifestyles: Smoking, malNutrition, obesity, risky Alcohol intake and insufficient Physical activity (SNAP).This trial compares the efficacy of the integrated STRONG programme with standard care on preoperative risk reduction and secondly on SNAP

Microplastics can perturb microbial nutrient-mining strategies. However, the mechanism by which microplastics affect the resource-acquisition strategies of crops in agricultural systems remains unknown. The nutrient-acquisition potential of crops and microbes was investigated under treatments with two common microplastics (polyethylene [PE] and polyvinyl chloride [PVC]) at 0%, 1%, and 5% (w/w). Di

In our previous research on Vietnamese medicinal plants, we found that the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis exhibited cytotoxic effects in vitro in the MCF-7 human cancer cell line. Here, we used combined chromatographic separations to isolate six compounds including a new steroid glycoside, paripoloside A (3), and five known compounds, from the butanol extr

Objectives: Risky alcohol use before surgery is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications and longer hospital stays. Preoperative alcohol interventions can improve surgical outcomes but are not commonly integrated into routine care. This study sought to better understand patient's and provider's perceptions of alcohol-related surgical health and healthcare practices and illu

An increasing number of countries are accepting individuals with diverse religious and ethnic backgrounds within their borders – a trend that can be traced to the end of WWII. Theoretically, a society can experience both economic benefits and costs from ethno-confessional diversity. As economies become more open and interconnected, it is vital to have an adequate answer to the question of how ethn

Congenital muscular dystrophy with laminin alpha2 chain-deficiency (LAMA2-CMD) is a severe neuromuscular disorder without cure. Previously, we have demonstrated significant metabolic impairment in skeletal muscle from LAMA2-CMD patients and mouse models using transcriptome and proteome profiling as well and functional assays (e.g. reduced mitochondrial respiration and a compensatory upregulation o

School nurses are one of the first health-care professionals to meet unaccompanied refugee children and adolescents and therefore have an important impact on health outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe school nurses' experiences working with unaccompanied refugee children and adolescents. Semistructured interviews were conducted with school nurses (n = 14) who worked with unaccompanied