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A new war on nature and people: Taking stock of the Colombian Peace agreement

The Colombian peace agreement officially ended one of the world’s longest internal armed conflicts. But the transformation of land use that takes place in the wake of the peace agreement, has made the historic inequalities of access to land more visible and revealed inherent and violent struggles over resources that persist across the country. In this briefing we analyse the current status of peac

Biogeographical variation in antimicrobial resistance in rivers is influenced by agriculture and is spread through bacteriophages

Antibiotic resistance is currently an extensive medical challenge worldwide, with global numbers increasing steadily. Recent data have highlighted wastewater treatment plants as a reservoir of resistance genes. The impact of these findings for human health can best be summarized using a One Health concept. However, the molecular mechanisms impacting resistance spread have not been carefully evalua

A two-track, multi-channel regulatory model

The story of human rights corporate accountability is not a story of a move towards stringent international and transnational regulations. One discussion nowadays is whether the UN Guiding Principles on business and human rights (UNGPs) should be hardened into law. Regulations on human rights due diligence (HRDD) would increase access to remedies forvictims, hold lead firms legally liable for thei

Targeted plasma metabolomics in resuscitated comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of death. Even if successfully resuscitated, mortality remains high due to ischemic and reperfusion injury (I/R). The oxygen deprivation leads to a metabolic derangement amplified upon reperfusion resulting in an uncontrolled generation of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria triggering cell death mechanisms. The understan

Airspace Dimension Assessment with Nanoparticles (AiDA) in Comparison to Established Pulmonary Function Tests

Background: Airspace Dimensions Assessment with nanoparticles (AiDA) is a new method for non-invasive measurement of pulmonary distal airspaces. The aim of this study was to compare AiDA measurements with other pulmonary function variables to better understand the potential of AiDA in a clinical context. Methods: AiDA measurements and pulmonary function tests were performed in 695 subjects as part

The post-pandemic values of meetings: : innovation and resilience in the meetings industry

“The Covid 19 pandemic took the meetings industry from top to bottom in one move”. These were the introducing words from the CEO of a large Swedish network of meetings firms, in their annual report for 2020. In the beginning of that year, one of the most challenging crises in the history of the meetings organizations emerged. Now, two years on the pandemic has changed the conditions for the entire

Policy developments in six policy channels

This brief tracks recent developments in different policy fields such as economic law, human rights and development cooperation, and corporate social responsibility. Root causes of abuses in transnational business operations are highlighted both at the top and bottom of the supply chain. There are six transnational policy channels that bear on these root causes. Recent developments therein are not

Trilateration Using Motion Models

In this paper, we present a framework for doing localization from distance measurements, given an estimate of the local motion. We show how we can register the local motion of a receiver, to a global coordinate system, using trilateration of given distance measurements from the receivers to senders in known positions. We describe how many different motion models can be formulated within the same t

Three baselines for business and human rights

After endorsing the UN Guiding Principles on business and human rights (UNGPs) in 2011, the UN began in 2014 work on a possible treaty on business and human rights. This brief explains the progression of legal reasoning around corporate human rights responsibilities during the last two decades. One can identify three stages, or “baselines”, that were drawn in the mid-2000s, in 2011, and post-2014

Regulating in a Transnational Context: Three Foundational Principles

This brief puts forward three foundational principles that explain the difficulties in regulating multinational enterprises. This has implications on whether more or less coercive strategies could be pursued to ensure responsible business conduct. The task of regulating lead firms should remain mindful of fundamental considerations of corporate law (legal separation of entities), international law

Localization using Distance Geometry : Minimal Solvers and Robust Methods for Sensor Network Self-Calibration

In this thesis, we focus on the problem of estimating receiver and sender node positions given some form of distance measurements between them. This kind of localization problem has several applications, e.g., global and indoor positioning, sensor network calibration, molecular conformations, data visualization, graph embedding, and robot kinematics. More concretely, this thesis makes contribution

City innovation as resonance: : the case of outdoor offices and conferences in the open air museum

This paper explores an innovation case within a “smart” Swedish mid-sized city that works extensively with digitalization.Over a long period in time, city populations and city tourism have increased, while more urgentchallenges connected to sustainability have emerged along with health-related problems. In parallel the already established and ongoing digitalization of society was fortified in the

Identifying Potential Indicators of Neighbourhood Solar Access in Urban Planning

Solar access describes the capacity of urban spaces to receive sunlight and daylight. Rapid urbanization and unbridled densification pose a threat to sustainable solar access, reducing the penetration of sunlight and daylight into cities. To effectively assess solar access at such an early design stage, at the urban planning level, it is critical that evaluation metrics are simple and reliable. Th

APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases : impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and brain diseases

ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of the most influential risk factors for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation has become the third hallmark of AD, together with Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphory

Long-term efficacy and safety of subcutaneous concizumab prophylaxis in hemophilia A and hemophilia A/B with inhibitors

Despite current therapies, there remains an unmet need for treatment for patients with hemophilia. The main parts of two phase 2 trials established clinical proof-of-concept for once-daily, subcutaneous concizumab prophylaxis in patients with hemophilia A/B with inhibitors (HAwI/HBwI; explorer4) and severe hemophilia A without inhibitors (HA; explorer5). Here, we present results from extension par

Therapist-guided internet-based psychodynamic therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescent depression in Sweden : a randomised, clinical, non-inferiority trial

Background: Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent and associated with lifelong adversity. Evidence-based treatments exist, but accessible treatment alternatives are needed. We aimed to compare internet-based psychodynamic therapy (IPDT) with an established evidence-based treatment (internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy [ICBT]) for the treatment of adolescents with d

Hypertension in stroke survivors and associations with national premature stroke mortality : data for 2·5 million participants from multinational screening campaigns

Background: Blood pressure control has a pivotal role in reducing the incidence and recurrence of stroke. May Measurement Month (MMM), which was initiated in 2017 by the International Society of Hypertension, is the largest global blood pressure screening campaign. We aim to compare MMM participants with and without a previous history of stroke and to investigate associations between national-leve

Ex vivo dual perfusion of an isolated human placenta cotyledon : Towards protocol standardization and improved inter-centre comparability

Since the full development of the ex vivo dual perfusion model of the human placenta cotyledon, the technique has provided essential insight into how nutrients, lipids, gases, immunoglobulins, endocrine agents, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, nanoparticles, micro-organisms and parasites might traverse the maternofetal barrier. Additionally, the model has been instrumental in gaining a better understan

Recommendations for the execution and reporting of skin ultrasound in systemic sclerosis : an international collaboration under the WSF skin ultrasound group

Objective Ultrasound is a promising tool to foster much-needed improvement of skin assessment in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our aim was to develop evidence and expert opinion-based recommendations to promote the standardisation and harmonisation of technical execution and reporting of skin ultrasound studies in SSc. Methods A multidisciplinary task force of 16 members from five European countries a