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On the extraordinary transmission through sub-wavelength apertures in perfectly conducting sheets

Extraordinary transmission of electromagnetic power through sub-wavelength apertures is usually observed in a narrow bandwidth range and the transmission outside this range is low. In this paper, it is shown that the transmission through periodic apertures in an otherwise perfectly electric conducting sheet satisfies a sum rule that relates wavelength regions with transmission above a threshold wi

Improving the energy efficiency of accelerator facilities

New particle accelerator based research facilities tend to be much more productive, but often in coincidence with higher energy consumption. The total energy consumption of mankind is steeply rising and this is mainly caused by quickly developing countries. Some European countries decided to terminate nuclear power generation and to switch to sustainable energy production. Also the CO2 problem giv

US v Brazil - Compulsory licensing

Referring to case development in the WTO dispute resolution system the authors discuss compulsory licensing in the developing world in line with their published articles on “Facilitating compulsory licensing under TRIPS in response to the AIDS crisis in developing countries” and “Embracing price discrimination: TRIPS and the suppression of parallel trade in pharmaceuticals”.

The Creation of Jus Cogens: : Making Sense of Article 53 of the Vienna Convention

This essay provides an analysis of the creation of jus cogens. The analysismakes intelligible the definition of jus cogens provided in Art. 53 of the 1969Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. It has been said repeatedlyabout this definition that it is circular. If a jus cogens status is conferred on arule of law because the international community of states accepts and recognizes this rule as