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There are considerable expectations about the ability of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to make exciting discoveries about the role of genes in common diseases. GWA studies may allow researchers to identify causal pathways that have not been unveiled before, thus opening new avenues to disease understanding, prevention and therapy. However, there are still many open challenges. One is how t
In this Letter, we use a discrete polarizable solvation model for a systematic analysis of the solvent effects on the nitrogen NMR shielding and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants in a series of 1-methyltriazoles. Fairly accurate predictions are found for the solvent shifts of the nitrogen NMR shielding constants. The analysis of the relative half-height widths of the resonance signal predicted
Ontology organizes and formally conceptualizes information in a knowledge domain with a controlled vocabulary having defined terms and relationships between them. Several ontologies have been used to annotate numerous databases in biology and medicine. Due to their unambiguous nature, ontological annotations facilitate systematic description and data organization, data integration and mining, patt
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T cells are crucial players in cell-mediated immunity. The specificity of their receptor, the T cell receptor (TCR), is central for the immune system to distinguish foreign from host antigens. Superantigens are bacterial toxins capable of inducing a toxic immune response by cross-linking the TCR and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and circumventing the antigen specificity. Here
This study uses continuously logged driving data from 166 private cars to derive the level of jerks caused by the drivers during everyday driving. The number of critical jerks found in the data is analysed and compared with the self-reported accident involvement of the drivers. The results show that the expected number of accidents for a driver increases with the number of critical jerks caused by
Laboratory experiments have been utilised as a tool to determine the possible yield of soluble COD and VFAs from settled influent and preprecipitated sludge at Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant and to determine the degradability of the organic matter. The release of ammonium and orthophosphate from the hydrolysed sludge has been estimated. It is possible to produce soluble organic matter of goo
Thylakoids are the photosynthetic membranes of the chloroplasts in green leaves. Thylakoids have been found to promote satiety when added to food, both in animal experimental models and in human. The thylakoids act through inhibition of lipase-colipase catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerol, which is the main dietary fat component. The mechanism for inhibition is either a binding of thylakoids to
We deal with the construction of optimal channel shortening, also known as combined linear Viterbi detection, algorithms for ISI and MIMO channels. In the case of MIMO channel shortening, the tree structure to represent MIMO signals is replaced by a trellis. The optimization is performed from an information theoretical perspective and the achievable information rates of the shortened models are de
Syftet med föreliggande studie är att ta fram en prototyp till en ny genera-tion ledningssystem för skola och förskola. Det nya ledningssystemet ska möjliggöra ett systematiskt utvecklingsarbete, vilket krävs i den nya skol-lagen. Bakgrunden till projektet är de dramatiska förändringar som skolan och förskolan gått igenom under de senaste decennierna. Under samma pe-riod har skolans och förskolansIn this report a new method, a Development laboratory (D-lab), has been used. From the D-lab a prototype for e new Decision Support System for school managers evolved, that helped to adress problems with Management by Objectives (MBO) in local school organisations. In the report critique is raised against the way MBO has been used in school management. As a conclusion, a systematic development mod
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise heterogeneous populations of cells, which act as central orchestrators of the immune response. Applicability of primary DCs is restricted due to their scarcity and therefore DC models are commonly employed in DC-based immunotherapy strategies and in vitro tests assessing DC function. However, the interrelationship between the individual in vitro DC models and their r
Organic farming has the potential to enhance ecosystem services such as crop pollination. However, it is not known if a similar effect can be generated on conventional farms, without reducing external inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, by using more complex crop rotations including ley for animal fodder production. In two separate designs, both located in southern Sweden, we test
Safe water supply is one of the important Millennium Goals. For development of market water supply services, the willingness of consumers to pay is essential. The consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for piped water supply using the contingent valuation (CV) method with different starting point bids was investigated for the Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan. The results showed that households with access
Background: Topical negative pressure (TNP), widely used in wound therapy, is known to stimulate wound edge blood flow, granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, and revascularization. We have previously shown that application of a TNP of -50 mmHg to the myocardium significantly increases microvascular blood flow in the underlying tissue. We have also shown that a myocardial TNP levels between -
The high-spin yrast states in Lu-161 are calculated in a Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky approach keeping track of configurations and their evolution with spin. The outcome from calculations neglecting pairing and including pairing are compared. It is predicted that several yrast region configurations terminate at a very favored energy around I = 50 and that one of the observed bands is two transitions
We determine the commutant of homogeneous subrings in strongly groupoid graded rings in terms of an action on the ring induced by the grading. Thereby we generalize a classical result of Miyashita from the group graded case to the groupoid graded situation. In the end of the article we exemplify this result. To this end, we show, by an explicit construction, that given a finite groupoid G, equippe
Salinization of soil is recognised as one of the most pressing environmental challenges to resolve for the next century. We here conduct a synoptic review of the available research on how salt affects decomposer microbial communities and carbon (C) cycling in soil. After summarizing known physiological responses of microorganisms to salinity, we provide a brief overview and qualification of a sele
