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Applications and Developments of Anaerobic Technology in China

The Chinese government has been promoting the anaerobic treatment technology not only for pollution control but also for bioenergy recovery. Millions of decentralized anaerobic digesters have been built using animal manure and crop stalk as feedstock to improve the sanitary conditions and to produce biogas for heating and lighting for farmers and rural communities. Also, there are 22,570 medium to

National research and innovation councils as an instrument of innovation governance

In the past decade, a growing number of countries have established national councils for innovation or for science, technology and innovation. The interest in innovation councils responds to a growing need for strengthening the coordination, inclusiveness and, ultimately, the effectiveness of innovation policy governance.In Sweden, the National Council for Innovation and Quality in the Public Sect

P-T evolotion and High-temperature deformation of Precambrian eclogite, Sveconorwegian orogen

Bergskedjor är uppbyggda av olika slags berggrund som skjutits samman i de zoner på Jorden där tektoniska plattor möts (konvergerar). Sådana processer sker i dag exempelvis i Himalaya, Alperna eller Anderna, men det finns också gamla, nu inaktiva, bergskedjor som de Skandinaviska Kaledoniderna (ca 400 miljoner år gammal) eller den Svekonorvegiska bergskedjan (ca 1000 miljoner år gammal, i sydvästrThe 1.1-0.9 Ga Sveconorwegian orogen is one of several Grenvillian-aged orogenic belts that mark the amalgamation of supercontinent Rodinia. The highest-pressure rocks in the Sveconorwegian orogen are eclogites in the Eastern Segment (SW Sweden). The eclogites occur in a nappe in the high-grade metamorphic level of the Eastern Segment that represents a window into the deepest part of this Precambr

The influence of external forcing on subdecadal variability of regional surface temperature in CMIP5 simulations of the last millennium

We use Granger causality to investigate the influences of external forcings on subdecadal variability of regional near-surface air temperature (SAT) in past millennium simulations (period 850–1850 A.D.) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. Our results strengthen the conclusion for robust influence of volcanic forcing on SAT during preindustrial times of the last mil

Export Performance and Access to Intermediate Inputs : The Case of Rules of Origin Liberalisation

Internationally fragmented production processes have highlighted the need of efficient sourcing from foreign suppliers. This paper aims to investigate how exports of final goods are affected by better access to foreign intermediate inputs. In particular, the paper empirically tests whether expanding the set of available intermediate input suppliers through preferential rules of origin liberalisati

Increased polyamine formation in rat salivary glands by stimulation of their autonomic nerve supply

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, was measured in the three major salivary glands of rats and mice. Enzyme activity and glandular putrescine content increased after continuous stimulation of the parasympathetic or sympathetic salivary nerves for 3 h. The activity was markedly reduced in animals fasted for 24 h to decrease nervous-reflex activation of the glands

Reconstructing the past: The Late Posterior Negativity (LPN) in episodic memory studies

The late posterior negativity (LPN) is an ERP effect frequently reported in episodic memory tasks. In 2003, we proposed that both non-mnemonic action monitoring processes and reconstructive mnemonic processes contribute to the LPN. Here, we review more recent studies and provide additional evidence that the LPN reflects dissociable (though not mutually exclusive) mnemonic and non-mnemonic processe